Psyc 1010 Final Exam Study Guide Graded A+

What defines psychology as a field of study - Answer-Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes what are psychology's four primary goals? - Answer-description, explanation, prediction, and control psychodynamic perspective - Answer-how behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts The id - Answer-The id is the part of the psyche that includes all the primal and unconscious desires. The ego - Answer-The ego is the aspect of the psyche that must deal with the demands of the real world The superego - Answer-The superego is the last part of the psyche to develop and is tasked with managing all of our internalized morals, standards, and ideals. Behavioral Perspective - Answer-how environmental variables reinforce actions The Cognitive Perspective - Answer-focuses on mental processes like memory, thinking, problemsolving, language, and decision-making The Biological Perspective - Answer-how the brain and nervous system impact behavior The Cross-Cultural Perspective - Answer-how cultural and social influences contribute to behavior The Evolutionary Perspective - Answer-focuses on the study of how the theory of evolution can explain physiological processes. Humanistic Perspective - Answer-emphasizes the role of motivation in thought and behavior modern perspectives in psychology - Answer-1. Psychodynamic2. Behavioral 3. Humanistic 4. Cognitive 5. Cross-Cultural 6. Biological 7. Evolutionary hindsight bias - Answer-the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it psychology is considered a science because - Answer-it involves objective reasoning, systematic investigation (scientific method), and it follows the empirical method. survey research - Answer-the process of conducting research using surveys that researchers send to survey respondents case study method - Answer-involves simply observing what happens to, or reconstructing 'the case history' of a single participant or group of individuals (such as a school class or a specific social group), i.e. the idiographic approach. correlational technique - Answer-a type of non-experimental research method in which a researcher measures two variables, understands and assesses the statistical relationship between them with no influence from any extraneous variable