STRAIGHTERLINE NUTRITION 101 FINAL EXAM VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A+ GRADED

STRAIGHTERLINE NUTRITION 101 FINAL EXAM VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A+ GRADED What is the major monosaccharide found in the human body? - ANSWER-glucose Which of these is a complex carbohydrate that cannot be broken down by the human digestive process? - ANSWER-fiber What is the purpose of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010? - ANSWER-to help Americans choose an overall healthful diet How much moderate-intensity exercise is recommended in order to decrease an individual's risk of chronic disease? - ANSWER-30 minutes per day What is an advantage of fat as a source of fuel for exercise? - ANSWER-It supplies more than twice the energy of carbohydrates In the human body, when is glycogen synthesis greatest? - ANSWER-immediately following exercise* what is the first step in the production of energy from food? - ANSWER-anaerobic breakdown of glucose in the cytoplasm a cell's genetic material is contained in its - ANSWER-nucleus the primary functions of epithelial tissue in the lining of the respiratory tract are to - ANSWER-secrete important substances, absorb nutrients, and excrete waste* what happens in the human body when too much Vitamin C is consumed via supplements? - ANSWER-It is excreted in the feces and urine what substances manufactured by the endocrine glands act as chemical messengers in the body? - ANSWER-hormones what is the term for the partially digested food mixture as it leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine? - ANSWER-chyme how does the body regulate blood glucose levels after a meal? - ANSWER-insulin is released from the pancreas which of these is the only animal-derived food that contains a significant amount of carbohydrates? - ANSWER-milk which enzyme breaks down carbohydrate? - ANSWER-amylase what product is formed as a result of the incomplete breakdown of fat when carbohydrates are not available to the body? - ANSWER-ketones which type of fats can raise the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level in the blood? - ANSWER-saturated which of the following is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease? - ANSWER-blood pressure > 138/89 mg HG* if a 100-calorie serving of food has 10 grams of fat, what percentage of the calories in that food is fat? - ANSWER-90% plant proteins are considered incomplete when they are missing which of these? - ANSWER-essential amino acids edema can be caused by a lack of which substance in the bloodstream? - ANSWERprotein the enzymatic digestion of protein begins in the - ANSWER-stomach based on the RDA, how many grams of protein would a healthy 125-pound woman need daily? - ANSWER-46 which of the following is closely correlated with an increase in basal metabolic rate? - ANSWER-having greater lean body mass* joe is 25 years old and weighs 154 pounds. What would be Joe's 24-hour estimated basal metabolic rate? - ANSWER-1680 kcal/24 hours* which term refers to the minimum amount of energy required to maintain the body at rest? - ANSWER-basal metabolism what theory proposes that everyone has a genetically determined body weight that is maintained through internal controls? - ANSWER-set point theory in which list are all of the vitamins fat-soluble? - ANSWER-Vitamins A,D,E,K what is the primary role of vitamin D in the body? - ANSWER-to help regulate calcium and bone metabolism where is most vitamin A stored in the body? - ANSWER-liver which vitamin is synthesized in the skin with exposure to UVB rays? - ANSWER-vitamin D iron absorption is enhanced by the consumption of - ANSWER-oranges why does an increase in energy expenditure require an increase in B complex vitamins? - ANSWER-they are involved in carb, fat, and protein metabolism what compound is necessary for the absorption of Vitamin B-12? - ANSWER-intrinsic factor how does sodium maintain appropriate fluid balance in the body? - ANSWER-in osmosis, sodium acts as the major positive ion in the extracellular fluid* which mineral is important in regulating the human heartbeat? - ANSWER-potassium goiter is caused by a deficiency of - ANSWER-iodine while Jim was running a marathon he lost 2.5 pounds. How much fluid should Jim have consumed to prevent dehydration? - ANSWER-50-60 ounces why does excessive intake of alcohol result in dehydration? - ANSWER-antidiuretic hormone is inhibited by alcohol a decrease in urine output would likely be the result of a diet that is - ANSWER-high in protein and sodium which pituitary hormone signals the kidneys to conserve water by conserving sodium? - ANSWER-aldosterone during which stage of the lifecycle can a prolonged deficiency in iron result in impaired cognitive development? - ANSWER-early infancy which government program provides supplemental food vouchers specifically for lowincome pregnant women and children? - ANSWER-women, infants, and children (WIC) which is a symptom of anorexia? - ANSWER-rituals involving food and exercise which statement describes a consequence of anorexia? - ANSWER-body temperature is lowered, which results in decreased metabolism* which of these is an effective means to reduce the risk of foodborne illnesses? - ANSWER-thaw foods in the fridge according to the EPA, which of the following is a useful strategy for reducing the intake of pesticide residue from foods? - ANSWER-thoroughly scrub, rinse, and peel fruits and vegetables it is unlawful to add any amount of cancer-causing substance to food, according to the - ANSWER-delaney clause which of the following is an unintended effect of the use of pesticides in food production? - ANSWER-destruction of natural predators of plant eating insects which food should be consumed no more than once per week to limit the intake of mercury? - ANSWER-swordfish which of these actions helps to decrease the risk of pesticide exposure? - ANSWERremove skin from poultry and fish** which of these pregnancy complications can be reduced by 50% if a woman is physically active during pregnancy? - ANSWER-gestational diabetes the body's need for iron increases during pregnancy because of the need to - ANSWER-synthesize additional hemoglobin it is recommended that a healthy woman of normal weight gain about how many pounds during pregnancy? - ANSWER-26 to 3