BIO 210 EXAM 1 LATEST UPDATE GRADED A+

BIO 210 EXAM 1 LATEST UPDATE GRADED A+ Gene expression the process by which information encoded in DNA directs the synthesis of proteins or; in some case, RNAs that are not translated into proteins and instead functions as RNAs Ionic bonds Bonds that require donating and accepting electrons Emergent properties Properties of a complex system that are not present within its parts but that emerge only when those parts are combined. Natural selection A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits. Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons. Polar covalent bond a covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive Anion A negatively charged ion Cation A positively charged ion Van der Waals interactions very weak interaction between molecules due to temporary charges attracting atoms that are very close together hydrogen bonds A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule. Adhesion An attraction between molecules of different substances Cohesion Attraction between molecules of the same substance Specific heat The measure of the heat energy required to increase the temperature of a unit quantity of a substance by a certain temperature interval.The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius Evaporative cooling The process in which the surface of an object becomes cooler during evaporation, a result of the molecules with the greatest kinetic energy changing from the liquid to the gaseous state Heat of vaporization The amount of energy required for the liquid at its boiling point to become a gas Hydrocarbons organic molecules consisting