Psych 100 Exam 1 (PSU Crosby) Questions With Verified Solutions

Psych 100 Exam 1 (PSU Crosby) Questions With Verified Solutions Behaviorism - answerAll behavior is learned through a focus on observable behavior case study - answerDetailed investigations of one subject. Highly detailed, but specific to one case control group - answerGroup that is not exposed to the Independent variable Correlation - answerA measure of the relationship between two variables dependent variable - answerVariable that represents the measurable response of participants Experiment - answerThe only method that allows researchers to determine the cause of a behavior experimental group - answerGroup that is exposed to the change that the independent variable represents Functionalism - answerFocus of study is how the mind allows people to adapt, live, work, and play. (William James) Gestalt psychology - answerEarly perspective; focus on perception and sensation, particularly patterns and whole figures. (Max Wertheimer) Goals of Psychology - answerDescribe, Explain, Predict, Control Hypothesis - answertentative explanation of a phenomenon based on observations independent variable - answervariable that is manipulated in an experiment Ivan Pavlov - answerdiscovered classical conditioning; trained dogs to salivate at the ringing of a bell John B. Watson - answerAll behavior is learned. Focus on the conscious mind. "Little Albert" experiment Laboratory Observation - answerInvolves watching animals or people in an artificial but controlled situation. High level of control, but artificial. Psychodynamic - answerFocus on the unconscious. (Sigmund Freud) (modern perspective #1) Cognitive - answerProcess of thought (modern perspective #4) Sociocultural - answerRelationship between social behavior and culture (modern perspective #5) Humanistic - answerPeople have the freedom to choose their own destiny. Everyone is unique. (Modern perspective #3) Biopsychosocial - answerAttributes human and animal behavior and mental events to biological factors (modern perspective #6) Evolutionary - answerBiological, mental traits shared by all humans (modern perspective #7) naturalistic observation - answerWatching animals or people in their natural environments. Lack of control Objective introspection - answerProcess of examining and measuring one's own thoughts and mental activities (Wilhelm Wundt) observer bias - answerObserver may have a tendency to see what they expect to see Observer Effect - answerIf people know they're being observed, they may behave differently placebo effect - answerExpectations and biases of participants can affect their behavior Psychology - answerthe scientific study of behavior and mental processes Representative sample - answerrandomly selected sample of subjects from a larger population of subjects Scientific Method - answera system for reducing bias and error in the measurement of data (5 steps) Sigmund Freud - answerAustrian neurologist k