BIOD 151 EXAM 3 Questions with
Complete Solutions
Explain why someone who has hypergastrinemia (excessive secretion of gastrin) might
develop gastric/stomach ulcers. - Answer-Gastrin stimulates the secretions of
pepsinogens and hydrochloric acid. Excess amounts would lead to erosion of the
stomach lining.
Explain why a patient with liver disease would have intolerance to fatty foods. - Answer-
The liver produces bile which breaks down fats. If it is not producing bile (or less bile),
fats will not be broken down effectively.
Food enters the stomach from the __________ via the _________ sphincter. Food exits
the stomach via the ____________ sphincter into the___________. Your Answer: a.
esophagus b. cardiac sphincter c. pyloric sphincter d. small intestine - Answer-- Food
enters the stomach from the ______A_____ : esophagus - via the _____B_____
sphincter. cardioesophageal sphincter (or lower esophageal sphincter/ LES) - Food
exits the stomach via the ____C________ : pyloric - sphincter into the_____D______.
small intestine (or duodenum)
KNOW DIAGRAM of digestive system - Answer-know diagram
A patient is experiencing vitamin toxicity. What type of vitamin would be causing this
toxicity? Explain your answer.
A. Water soluble vitamin
B. Fat soluble vitamin
C. All of the above - Answer-B. Fat soluble vitamin. Fat soluble vitamins are stored
within the body's fat stores making it harder for the body to rid itself of them.
A doctor is looking to prescribe a larger dose of a vitamin that would not easily cause
vitamin toxicity. What type of vitamin would be the best to prescribe? Explain your
answer.
A. Water soluble vitamin
B. Fat soluble vitamin
C. All of the above - Answer-A. Water soluble vitamin. Fat soluble vitamins are stored
within the body's fat stores making it harder for the body to rid itself of them.
Explain which digestive system functions are carried out by the small intestine. -
Answer-Digestion: Chemical and mechanical: In the small intestine chemical digestion
continues as enzymes from the pancreatic juices break down starches and proteins,
and begin digestion of fat. Mechanical digestion continues as bile breaks down fat into
smaller pieces.
, Absorption: begins as digested food molecules, water and fat are absorbed into the
bloodstream.
Name and explain the four main functions performed by the digestive system. - Answer-
The digestive system has four main roles that it performs: ingestion, digestion,
absorption, and defecation. Ingestion is when food enters the mouth. Digestion or food
breakdown occurs when food is moved, mixed, and exposed to enzymes along the
gastrointestinal tract. Digestion can be divided into two parts: mechanical and chemical
digestion. Mechanical digestion occurs when food is broken down into smaller pieces.
This occurs when the teeth chew food, when the stomach mixes food, and as food is
moved along the gastrointestinal tract. Chemical digestion is the breakdown of food by
enzymes. Absorption is the process of moving digested food into the blood stream.
Defecation is the excretion of indigestible food from the anus.
Describe parietal cells and chief cells: name their location, secretions and purposes. -
Answer-The parietal cells (located in the wall of the stomach body) secrete hydrochloric
acid, generating a pH of 1.3-3.5. This very acidic pH kills many of the bacteria ingested
along with food. In addition, the low pH stops the activity of salivary amylase. The
secretion of hydrochloric acid is essential in the activation of pepsin. Chief cells: secrete
pepsinogen. Pepsinogen (a pre-enzyme) is secreted by the chief cells in the stomach.
Hydrochloric acid converts the inactive pepsinogen (secreted by the chief cells) into the
active enzyme pepsin which begins the breakdown of proteins.
Match the digestive organ with the one substance it produces:
Pancreas
Liver
Mouth - Answer-Pancreas: Lipase
Liver: Urea
Mouth: Salivary Amylase
What is the purpose of the hormone Leptin? - Answer-Decrease hunger, increase
satiety
What is the purpose of the hormone Ghrelin? - Answer-Increase hunger, decrease
satiety
Which of the following statements is false?
A. Taste buds are located on the surface of the mouth and the wall of the pharynx.
B. The ileocecal valve controls the entrance of chyme into to the small intestine.
C. The gall bladder, teeth, and tongue are considered accessory organs to the digestive
system.
D. The alimentary canal is a continuous muscular tube, open at both ends. - Answer-B.
(It controls the entrance to the large intestine)
Complete Solutions
Explain why someone who has hypergastrinemia (excessive secretion of gastrin) might
develop gastric/stomach ulcers. - Answer-Gastrin stimulates the secretions of
pepsinogens and hydrochloric acid. Excess amounts would lead to erosion of the
stomach lining.
Explain why a patient with liver disease would have intolerance to fatty foods. - Answer-
The liver produces bile which breaks down fats. If it is not producing bile (or less bile),
fats will not be broken down effectively.
Food enters the stomach from the __________ via the _________ sphincter. Food exits
the stomach via the ____________ sphincter into the___________. Your Answer: a.
esophagus b. cardiac sphincter c. pyloric sphincter d. small intestine - Answer-- Food
enters the stomach from the ______A_____ : esophagus - via the _____B_____
sphincter. cardioesophageal sphincter (or lower esophageal sphincter/ LES) - Food
exits the stomach via the ____C________ : pyloric - sphincter into the_____D______.
small intestine (or duodenum)
KNOW DIAGRAM of digestive system - Answer-know diagram
A patient is experiencing vitamin toxicity. What type of vitamin would be causing this
toxicity? Explain your answer.
A. Water soluble vitamin
B. Fat soluble vitamin
C. All of the above - Answer-B. Fat soluble vitamin. Fat soluble vitamins are stored
within the body's fat stores making it harder for the body to rid itself of them.
A doctor is looking to prescribe a larger dose of a vitamin that would not easily cause
vitamin toxicity. What type of vitamin would be the best to prescribe? Explain your
answer.
A. Water soluble vitamin
B. Fat soluble vitamin
C. All of the above - Answer-A. Water soluble vitamin. Fat soluble vitamins are stored
within the body's fat stores making it harder for the body to rid itself of them.
Explain which digestive system functions are carried out by the small intestine. -
Answer-Digestion: Chemical and mechanical: In the small intestine chemical digestion
continues as enzymes from the pancreatic juices break down starches and proteins,
and begin digestion of fat. Mechanical digestion continues as bile breaks down fat into
smaller pieces.
, Absorption: begins as digested food molecules, water and fat are absorbed into the
bloodstream.
Name and explain the four main functions performed by the digestive system. - Answer-
The digestive system has four main roles that it performs: ingestion, digestion,
absorption, and defecation. Ingestion is when food enters the mouth. Digestion or food
breakdown occurs when food is moved, mixed, and exposed to enzymes along the
gastrointestinal tract. Digestion can be divided into two parts: mechanical and chemical
digestion. Mechanical digestion occurs when food is broken down into smaller pieces.
This occurs when the teeth chew food, when the stomach mixes food, and as food is
moved along the gastrointestinal tract. Chemical digestion is the breakdown of food by
enzymes. Absorption is the process of moving digested food into the blood stream.
Defecation is the excretion of indigestible food from the anus.
Describe parietal cells and chief cells: name their location, secretions and purposes. -
Answer-The parietal cells (located in the wall of the stomach body) secrete hydrochloric
acid, generating a pH of 1.3-3.5. This very acidic pH kills many of the bacteria ingested
along with food. In addition, the low pH stops the activity of salivary amylase. The
secretion of hydrochloric acid is essential in the activation of pepsin. Chief cells: secrete
pepsinogen. Pepsinogen (a pre-enzyme) is secreted by the chief cells in the stomach.
Hydrochloric acid converts the inactive pepsinogen (secreted by the chief cells) into the
active enzyme pepsin which begins the breakdown of proteins.
Match the digestive organ with the one substance it produces:
Pancreas
Liver
Mouth - Answer-Pancreas: Lipase
Liver: Urea
Mouth: Salivary Amylase
What is the purpose of the hormone Leptin? - Answer-Decrease hunger, increase
satiety
What is the purpose of the hormone Ghrelin? - Answer-Increase hunger, decrease
satiety
Which of the following statements is false?
A. Taste buds are located on the surface of the mouth and the wall of the pharynx.
B. The ileocecal valve controls the entrance of chyme into to the small intestine.
C. The gall bladder, teeth, and tongue are considered accessory organs to the digestive
system.
D. The alimentary canal is a continuous muscular tube, open at both ends. - Answer-B.
(It controls the entrance to the large intestine)
