Module 2 (Cells) Revision Notes
Kingdoms in Biology?
Living Organisms can be placed into 5 groups
(Animal, Plant, Bacteria, Fungi, Protoctista)
Animal and Plant are Multicellular Organisms
(made up of billions of cells working together)
Bacteria, Fungi, Protoctista are Microorgansism (made up of one or a few cells)
[note: Viruses are not defined as living organisms because they do not have the
standard components of a cell – acellular, and cannot perform MRS GREN without
a host]
all living organisms are made from cells (multicellular = millions, microorganism = one/
few), all cells have 4 properties = DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm, cell membrane
Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic Cells?
Eukaryotic = animal/plant cell, has membrane bound organelles (nucleus, endoplasmic
reticulum, golgi body, lysosome, mitochondra)
Prokaryotic = bacteria, has no membrane bound organelles
What are the 2 forms of Reproduction?
Sexual & Asexual
Sexual Reproduction in Animals & Some Plants
Asexual Reproduction in Microorganisms & Some Plants
Sexual Reproduction uses 2 parents (each provides a gamete which fuse to form a
zygote, zygote develops into organism)
Asexual Reproduction uses 1 parent to produce genetically identical offspring
How does a Zygote develop into an Organism?
Zygote is a stem cell
stem cell = undifferentiated/unspecialised cell, can form any type of cell
zygote divides by mitosis to make many stem cells
each stem cell differentiates into specialised cell
each specialised cell divides by mitosis to make many copies and form a tissue
different tissues join to form an organ
different organs join to form an organ system
this is surrounded by the Body
Define a tissue, organ and organ system?
tissue = a group of specialised cells
organ = made of different tissues
organ system = different organs working together
Kingdoms in Biology?
Living Organisms can be placed into 5 groups
(Animal, Plant, Bacteria, Fungi, Protoctista)
Animal and Plant are Multicellular Organisms
(made up of billions of cells working together)
Bacteria, Fungi, Protoctista are Microorgansism (made up of one or a few cells)
[note: Viruses are not defined as living organisms because they do not have the
standard components of a cell – acellular, and cannot perform MRS GREN without
a host]
all living organisms are made from cells (multicellular = millions, microorganism = one/
few), all cells have 4 properties = DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm, cell membrane
Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic Cells?
Eukaryotic = animal/plant cell, has membrane bound organelles (nucleus, endoplasmic
reticulum, golgi body, lysosome, mitochondra)
Prokaryotic = bacteria, has no membrane bound organelles
What are the 2 forms of Reproduction?
Sexual & Asexual
Sexual Reproduction in Animals & Some Plants
Asexual Reproduction in Microorganisms & Some Plants
Sexual Reproduction uses 2 parents (each provides a gamete which fuse to form a
zygote, zygote develops into organism)
Asexual Reproduction uses 1 parent to produce genetically identical offspring
How does a Zygote develop into an Organism?
Zygote is a stem cell
stem cell = undifferentiated/unspecialised cell, can form any type of cell
zygote divides by mitosis to make many stem cells
each stem cell differentiates into specialised cell
each specialised cell divides by mitosis to make many copies and form a tissue
different tissues join to form an organ
different organs join to form an organ system
this is surrounded by the Body
Define a tissue, organ and organ system?
tissue = a group of specialised cells
organ = made of different tissues
organ system = different organs working together
