Major Court Cases American Government CLEP Exam Questions with Correct Answers

Major Court Cases American Government CLEP Exam Questions with Correct Answers Marbury v. Madison (1803) - answerEstablished Judicial Review; "midnight judges"; John Marshall; power of the Supreme Court. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) - answerEstablished national supremacy; established implied powers; use of elastic clause; state unable to tax fed. Institution; John Marshall; "the power to tax the power to destroy." Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) - answerEstablished a broad interpretation of the Commerce Clause; determined Congress' power encompassed virtually every form of commercial activity. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) - answerEstablished "separate but equal." Gave Supreme Court approval of Jim Crow laws. Weeks v. U.S. (1914) - answerEstablished the "Exclusionary Rule" at the federal level; illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court. Schenck v. U.S. (1919) - answerClear and present danger test; shouting "fire" in a crowded theater; limits on speech, especially in wartime. Gitlow v. New York (1925) - answerEstablished precedent of federalizing Bill of Rights (applying them to the states); states cannot deny freedom of speech, protected through due process clause of Amendment 14. Near v. Minnesota (1931) - answerHeld that the 1st Amendment protects newspaper from prior restraint. Palko v. Connecticut (1937) - answerProvided test for determining which parts of the Bill of Rights should be federalized, those which are implicitly or explicitly necessary for liberty to exist. Korematsu v. U