NU 309 Module 1 Questions with Correct Answers

NU 309 Module 1 Questions with Correct Answers pharmacology - Answer-study of the effects of drugs and chemicals on living organisms (where a drug can be broadly defined as any chemical substance, natural or synthetic, that affects a biological system) Key components of clinical pharmacology - Answer-drug's effects on the body body's response to the drug pharmakokinetics - Answer-refers to the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs (body's response to the drug) pharmakodynamics - Answer-refers to the molecular, biochemical, and physiological effects of drugs, including drug mechanism of action (drugs effects on the body) -•Science of dealing with interactions between living organisms and foreign chemicals -•Living systems have chemical reactions occurring continuously in the body. •When other chemicals (drugs) are added to the body, other effects occur. -Pharmacodynamics is the study of the interactions between the chemical components of living systems and the foreign chemicals, including drugs, that enter those systems. All living organisms function by a series of complicated, continuous chemical reactions. When a new chemical enters the system, multiple changes and interferences with cell functioning may occur. -To avoid such problems, drug development works to provide the most effective and least toxic chemicals for therapeutic use. Drugs usually work in one of four ways: 1.To replace or act as substitutes for missing chemicals 2.2. To increase or stimulate certain cellular activities 3.3. To depress or slow cellular activities 4.4. To interfere with the functioning of foreign cells, such as invading microorganisms or neoplasms leading to cell death (drugs that act in this way are called chemotherapeutic agents) Drugs can act in several different ways to achieve these results. pharmacotherapeutics - Answer- toxicology - Answeragonists - Answer-•cause the same activity that the natural chemical would cause antagonists - Answerpartial antagonists - Answerdose-response relationship - Answer- [4. Discuss the dose-response relationship between drugs and the body and its effect on drug concentration.] - Answertherapeutic effects - Answer-Consequence of a medical treatment of any kind judged to be beneficial, desirable adverse effects - Answer-Negative, undesired, can be dangerous or life-threatening side effect - Answer-Unwanted consequence, usually mild, can be unpleasant, may be desired [6. Describe the potential toxic effects drugs can have on the body and the implications for nursing care.] - Answer- [7. Discuss the regulations and standards that help ensure the uniform quality & safety of medications in the United States.] - Answergeneric drugs - Answer--Original designation of drug given by company applying for approval -can be chemical name of a drug. -A term referring to any drug marketed under its chemical name without advertising. ("Diazepam" is an example of the chemical (generic) name of a sedative. It is marketed by some companies under its generic name and by other companies under brand names such as Valium or Vazepam.) -Generic drugs marketed without brand names are less expensive than brand-name drugs even though they are chemically identical to brand-name drugs and meet U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standards for safety, purity and effectiveness. trade (brand) name drug - Answer-Given by developing pharmaceutical company -The company that patents the drug creates the brand name (trademark). This name identifies the drug during the 17 years that the company has exclusive rights to make, sell, and use it under patent law. chemical drug name - Answer-reflects the chemical structure -given when a new chemical entity (NCE) is developed. The chemical name is a scientific name based on the compound's chemical structure and is almost never used to identify the drug in a clinical or marketing situation. The company that patents the drug creates the brand name (trademark). This name identifies the drug during the 17 years that the company has exclusive rights to make, sell, and use it under patent law.