C181 Objective Assessment Review Questions`(Answered)

C181 Objective Assessment Review Questions`(Answered) Which economic theory is aligned with the political theory of libertarianism? Laissez-faire Which political ideology opposes government control and also values freedom over order? Libertarianism What is an example of equality of opportunity? We all have the same chance to succeed in life. Federal law requires that employers pay men and women equally for equal work Equality of outcome Which process does the majoritarian model of democracy specify for selecting public officials? Popular election of members of Congress Where does sovereign power reside in a republican system of government? The people Which term characterizes the relationship between the federal government and the various state governments under dual federalism? Tension How does the constitutional principle of separation of powers protect liberty? It ensures that all government power does not fall to a single branch of government. How does the constitution establish the principle of separation of powers? By creating independent executive, legislative, and judicial branches with distinct functions. Judicial Branch Power to interpret laws Executive branch Power to pardon Legislative branch Confirmation power How can Congress override a presidential veto? If 2/3 of both houses of Congress vote to override it. Which clause in the Constitution prevents the federal government from losing power to the states? Supremacy clause Which phrase from the preamble to the Constitution acknowledges the failure of the Articles of Confederation? "In order to form a more perfect union" Which aspect of social contract theory did Thomas Jefferson use as the basis for the Declaration of Independance? People have the right to remove rulers who are no longer serving their purpose. What is the significance of Shay's Rebellion? It demonstrated the major weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. Which problem did the Great Compromise remedy? Disagreement between the large and small states over representation in the legislature. How did the Bill of Rights resolve Anti-Federalist fears over the scope and power of the national government? By restraining the national government's ability to infringe on fundamental rights and emphasizing the limited power granted to it. How did George Washington resolve the crisis over including the Bill of Rights in the Constitution? By proposing to add a list of civil liberties as amendments to the Constitution after ratification by the states. What did James Madison hold as the purpose of government in Federalist #10? Government should control the inevitable conflict that comes from factions. Which Congressional powers does the elastic clause establish? Implied powers When does the US government exert the most influence over the state governments? During times of national crisis Which part of the Constitution specifically reserves powers for the states? The tenth amendment Which Constitutional clause did Chief Justice Marshall rely on to uphold that states cannot interfere with federal banks? (Mcculloch vs. Maryland) ? The elastic clause A group of students at al local high school wore T-Shirts that illustrated their opposition to the war in Afghanistan. Students wouldn't change. Resulted in suspension. What would the Supreme court cite to justify this suspension as unconstitutional? Civil liberties Which concept permitted the NY times to publish leaked classified documents? Civil liberties How does the sixth amendment protect individuals during a criminal trial? It gives an individual the right to legal representation. How did the fourteenth amendment provide greater protection for African Americans' rights? It provided citizenship to those born on American soil. In Tinker vs. Des Moines- The Supreme court heard a case involving public school students who were suspended from school after wearing black arm bands in protest of the Vietnam war. How did the court resolve this case? The court overturned the suspension because symbolic expression is a protected form of speech under the first amendment. Sixth amendments rights to the states? States must provide an impartial jury for all criminal cases, but the size of the jury may vary. What reasoning did the Supreme Court use in the Brown vs. Board of Ed decision to overturn the precedent set by Plessy vs. Ferguson? Segregated educational facilities deprive students of equal protection under the law as guaranteed by the fourteenth amendment.