WGU Research Foundations (C224)
EXAM GRADED A LATEST 2023/2024
Non-Experimental Research Methods - CORRECT ANSWER Correlation and
Casual Comparative
Correlation research method - CORRECT ANSWER non-experimantal research
method. A process to collect data to determine if a relationship exists between
two or more quantitative variables, and to what degree.
Correlation Coefficient - CORRECT ANSWER Strength and direction of a
relationship between two variables. range of +1 to -1
Positive Correlation - CORRECT ANSWER r=+1 (points follow along a line)
Negative Correlation - CORRECT ANSWER r=-1 (no correlation is a 0 and looks
like a gun shot all over)
Variable - CORRECT ANSWER a condition or characteristic that can take on
different values or categories (such as age, GPA, gender, etc.)
Descriptive Statistics - CORRECT ANSWER Goal is to describe, summarize, or
make sense of a particular set of data.
Inferential Statistics - CORRECT ANSWER where researchers use the laws of
probability to make inferences about populations based on sample data.
,Strengths of Quantitative Research - CORRECT ANSWER -Testing and validating
already constructed theories
-Can generalize research findings when based on random samples
-Determining nomothetic consumption (general scientific casual relationships)
-Quick and cheap
Qualitative Research purpose - CORRECT ANSWER Collects text or imagery data
to gain a deeper understanding of existing phenomena, gain insight on insider
perspective. Exploration, discovery, understanding
Quantitative Research Purpose - CORRECT ANSWER Collect numerical data.
Purpose is to describe, predict, control, or explain. Narrow lens approach (top-
down)
Linguistic-relativity hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER (assumptions of qualitative
research) Intuits' local languages might allow them to see distinctions that you do
not notice.
Empathetic Understanding - CORRECT ANSWER (assumptions of qualitative
research) I can appreciate where you're coming from. I have an interest in you
Ontology (Qualitative Assumption) - CORRECT ANSWER (inherit understanding)
Take on personal, mental, subjective, personal, constructed
Epistemology (Qualitative Assumption) - CORRECT ANSWER (theory of
knowledge) Everything is relative, varying standards, individual/group justification,
social construction. Overall understanding of how knowledge is created.
,Criterion Based aka Purposive Sampling - CORRECT ANSWER selecting
participants because they meet the criteria or purpose of the study.
Phenomenology - CORRECT ANSWER Rich narrative allowing researcher to
vicariously experience the phenomenon through the eyes of the participant.
Purpose: Describing the individuals experience of the phenomena.
Ethnography - CORRECT ANSWER Extensive physical description of the physical
and social settings aimed at holistic understanding.
Purpose: Describing cultural characteristics of a group of people
Narrative Inquiry - CORRECT ANSWER including patterns, connections, and
insights uncovered and carefully synthesized.
Purpose: Describing people's lives/stories to add to our understanding.
Chronological story
Case Study - CORRECT ANSWER Rich, holistic narrative which triangulates data
and places the case into a meaningful context
Purpose: Addressing research questions through in-depth analysis. Environment
based on a set of circumstances.
Grounded Theory - CORRECT ANSWER Contains methodological description,
then proposes and discusses the theory built during the research study.
Purpose: Inductively generating a theory describing a phenomenon. Does this
dynamic of people in this environment hold true to a theory that's related to it?
Not manipulating data.
, Triangulation - CORRECT ANSWER Observations --> Interviews -->
Questionnaires. Is everybody in sync with one another?
It validates the story
Major characteristics of qualitative research analysis - CORRECT ANSWER Unique
Case Orientation,
Inductive Analysis & Creative Synthesis,
Holistic Perspective,
Context Sensitivity,
Voice Perspective & Reflectivity
Voice, Perspective & Reflectivity - CORRECT ANSWER The qualitative analyst
owns and is reflective about his or her own voice and perspective; a credible voice
conveys authenticity and trustworthiness
Context Sensitivity - CORRECT ANSWER Be sensitive to the environment around
you. Research places findings in a context that is: social, historical, and temporal.
Holistic Perspective - CORRECT ANSWER The whole phenomenon under study is
understood as a complex system that is more than the sum of its parts.
Inductive Analysis & Creative Synthesis - CORRECT ANSWER taking all the
specific info and creating the big story. Looking for patterns, themes, and
interrelationships to get the big picture
EXAM GRADED A LATEST 2023/2024
Non-Experimental Research Methods - CORRECT ANSWER Correlation and
Casual Comparative
Correlation research method - CORRECT ANSWER non-experimantal research
method. A process to collect data to determine if a relationship exists between
two or more quantitative variables, and to what degree.
Correlation Coefficient - CORRECT ANSWER Strength and direction of a
relationship between two variables. range of +1 to -1
Positive Correlation - CORRECT ANSWER r=+1 (points follow along a line)
Negative Correlation - CORRECT ANSWER r=-1 (no correlation is a 0 and looks
like a gun shot all over)
Variable - CORRECT ANSWER a condition or characteristic that can take on
different values or categories (such as age, GPA, gender, etc.)
Descriptive Statistics - CORRECT ANSWER Goal is to describe, summarize, or
make sense of a particular set of data.
Inferential Statistics - CORRECT ANSWER where researchers use the laws of
probability to make inferences about populations based on sample data.
,Strengths of Quantitative Research - CORRECT ANSWER -Testing and validating
already constructed theories
-Can generalize research findings when based on random samples
-Determining nomothetic consumption (general scientific casual relationships)
-Quick and cheap
Qualitative Research purpose - CORRECT ANSWER Collects text or imagery data
to gain a deeper understanding of existing phenomena, gain insight on insider
perspective. Exploration, discovery, understanding
Quantitative Research Purpose - CORRECT ANSWER Collect numerical data.
Purpose is to describe, predict, control, or explain. Narrow lens approach (top-
down)
Linguistic-relativity hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER (assumptions of qualitative
research) Intuits' local languages might allow them to see distinctions that you do
not notice.
Empathetic Understanding - CORRECT ANSWER (assumptions of qualitative
research) I can appreciate where you're coming from. I have an interest in you
Ontology (Qualitative Assumption) - CORRECT ANSWER (inherit understanding)
Take on personal, mental, subjective, personal, constructed
Epistemology (Qualitative Assumption) - CORRECT ANSWER (theory of
knowledge) Everything is relative, varying standards, individual/group justification,
social construction. Overall understanding of how knowledge is created.
,Criterion Based aka Purposive Sampling - CORRECT ANSWER selecting
participants because they meet the criteria or purpose of the study.
Phenomenology - CORRECT ANSWER Rich narrative allowing researcher to
vicariously experience the phenomenon through the eyes of the participant.
Purpose: Describing the individuals experience of the phenomena.
Ethnography - CORRECT ANSWER Extensive physical description of the physical
and social settings aimed at holistic understanding.
Purpose: Describing cultural characteristics of a group of people
Narrative Inquiry - CORRECT ANSWER including patterns, connections, and
insights uncovered and carefully synthesized.
Purpose: Describing people's lives/stories to add to our understanding.
Chronological story
Case Study - CORRECT ANSWER Rich, holistic narrative which triangulates data
and places the case into a meaningful context
Purpose: Addressing research questions through in-depth analysis. Environment
based on a set of circumstances.
Grounded Theory - CORRECT ANSWER Contains methodological description,
then proposes and discusses the theory built during the research study.
Purpose: Inductively generating a theory describing a phenomenon. Does this
dynamic of people in this environment hold true to a theory that's related to it?
Not manipulating data.
, Triangulation - CORRECT ANSWER Observations --> Interviews -->
Questionnaires. Is everybody in sync with one another?
It validates the story
Major characteristics of qualitative research analysis - CORRECT ANSWER Unique
Case Orientation,
Inductive Analysis & Creative Synthesis,
Holistic Perspective,
Context Sensitivity,
Voice Perspective & Reflectivity
Voice, Perspective & Reflectivity - CORRECT ANSWER The qualitative analyst
owns and is reflective about his or her own voice and perspective; a credible voice
conveys authenticity and trustworthiness
Context Sensitivity - CORRECT ANSWER Be sensitive to the environment around
you. Research places findings in a context that is: social, historical, and temporal.
Holistic Perspective - CORRECT ANSWER The whole phenomenon under study is
understood as a complex system that is more than the sum of its parts.
Inductive Analysis & Creative Synthesis - CORRECT ANSWER taking all the
specific info and creating the big story. Looking for patterns, themes, and
interrelationships to get the big picture
