Psychology 1010 Exam 1 (chapters 1-4) Questions and Answers with complete

Chapter 1 (science of Psychology) - AnswerPsychology - Answer-A scientific study of behavior and mental processes -Focuses on BOTH our outer actions and our inner actions -How we as humans think, feel, and act Wundt - Answer-"Father of psychology" -Established 1st psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany -Approach: Structuralism Structuralism and Wundt - Answer-Wilhelm Wundt's approach -Our consciousness can be broken down into the essential elements -Try to better understand the basic building blocks that make up our mental experience Introspection - Answer-Careful, systematic self-observation of one's own conscious experience Functionalism and James - Answer-William James approach was Functionalism -Considered the Father of American Psychology -Taught the 1st psychology course ever Functionalism -Our consciousness serves an adaptive purpose by helping us to survive -Fear: Help us to exercise caution and avoid dangers -Guilt: Can rain in our behaviors and keep us in check Psychodynamic and Freud - Answer-Sigmund Freud approach was Psychodynamic theory/psychoanalysis Psychodynamic theory/psychoanalysis - Our behavior is deeply influenced by UNCONSCIOUS thoughts, impulses, and desiresBehaviorism (Watson and Skinner) - Answer-John Watson and B.F Skinner approach was Behaviorism Behaviorism -Our behavior is learned, observable, and measurable -Focus on what is observable and verifiable Humanistic (Rogers, Maslow) - Answer-Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers approach was Humanistic psychology -2 of the founding fathers of humanistic psychology Humanistic psychology -We have free will to live more creative, meaningful, and satisfying lives Cognitive Psychology (Neisser) - Answer-Ulric Neisser approach was Cognitive psychology -Father of cognitive psychology -Authored the 1st textbook in the field called "cognitive psychology" Cognitive psychology -Our brain processes information in ways which influence how we behave -Focused on internal mental experiences -People who embraced this approach believed that part of being human involves our ability to think or ability to process information mentally to experience emotional states to have perceptions to have memories Positive Psychology (Seligman) - Answer-Martin Seligman approach was Positive psychology -Was the president of the American psychological association Positive psychology -Through applying scientific research findings we can help people to flourish and enhance their overall well being -Strongly based in rigorous scientific research -Research on gratitude, thankfulness, acts of kindness, mindfulness, and savoring -Many subfields and speciality areas have emerged (cognitive psychology, humanistic psychology, and positive psychology)Scientific Method - Answer-Refers to a series of steps that are predetermined and steps that a researcher is going to follow in attempting to investigate a particular topic 6 steps: Step 1: Posing a question Step 2: Conducting a literature review Step 3: Developing a hypothesis Step 4: Testing the hypothesis by collecting data Step 5: Analyzing the data and drawing conclusions Step 6: Sharing the results Types of research: -Naturalistic observation -Correlation -Case study -Survey -Experiment Experiment - Answer--A type of research in which the goal is to determine the cause-and-effect relationship between 2 variables by manipulating one and observing changes in the other