biology 1010 exam 1 downer 2024 study guide fully solved & verified for accuracy.

what is the function of the rough ER? Protein protection what is the folded part of inner mitochondria called? Cristae What is the function of the mitochondria? Energy conversion (power house of the cell) What structure found only in plant cells provide cell shape and support? Cell Wall What type of products are made my the ribosomes attached to the ER? - Integral membrane proteins - Secretory proteins 3 proteins that make up the cytoskeleton? - intermediate filament - microtubule - microfilament name some organelles with two membranes - chloroplast - nucleus - Mitochondrion why is the plasma membrane selective permeable? The tails of the phospholipids are hydrophobic What name is given to the specialized lipids that form the bilayers of the cell membrane? Fatty acids What is the fluid in the intracelluar membrane called? cytosol In animal cells, what is the physical barrier that separates intracellular environment from extracellular environment? Plasma membrane what are components of the plasma membrane? - Phospholipids - Cholesterol - Glycoproteins what are Glycoproteins? proteins with carbohydrate groups attached What synthesizes lipids? Adipocyte cells what does is mean when lipids are synthesized? get made into fat for energy Which organelle would be especially active in adipocytes? Smooth ER What organelle degrades old, worn-out organelles and cell components? lysosomes What organelle detoxifies drugs and harmful substances ingested by and produced in the body? Smooth ER What organelle organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for export from the cell? Golgi Complex Name the 3 cellular structures found in plant cells, but not animal cells -Cell wall -Chloroplasts -Water vacuole Which organelle would you expect to be the most highly concentrated in heart muscle cells? Mitochondria Genetic instructions are stored in this organelle nucleus A copy or transcript of DNA is read by this organelle to produce amino acids linked in a polypeptide chain Rough ER Carbohydrates are added to proteins by this organelle Golgi Pieces of membrane with enclosed protein products that have been pinched off from an organelle Transport vesicles what is the meaning of polar covalent? the electrons are not equally shared how does the polar nature of water allow it to dissolve substances? water is a solvent what is hydrophobic water cannot dissolve because molecules are not attracted to water what is hydrophilic water can dissolve substance because molecules are attracted to water What is an organic molecule? composed of carbon atoms in rings that are attached to other molecules such as hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen what are building blocks (monomers) and functions of macromolecules? -energy storage -structure -transfer info -insulation what is a polymer? many molecules strung together to make a really long chain what are the 4 macromolecules of the cell -carbohydrates -proteins -nucleic acids -lipids