SPLH 620 Exam 3 Questions with Complete Solutions

SPLH 620 Exam 3 Questions with Complete Solutions motor cortex - Answer-controls voluntary movements primary motor cortex - Answer--receives sensory input from the cerebellum via. thalamus -sends info. to the spinal cord & brainstem -sends info to corticospinal or corticobulbar tract premotor cortex - Answer-The region controlling learned motor skills. -receives input from posterior parietal & visual cortexes lesions in premotor cortex - Answer-cause an inability to perform purposeful coordinated actions without a presence of weakness supplementary motor cortex - Answer-programming of complex movements -most output goes through M1 (primary motor cortex) -receives input from association areas of parietal & temporal cortex's pyramidal system - Answer-the system responsible for controlling voluntary motor movements (fine controlled, skilled, rapid, etc.) extrapyramidal system - Answer-controls the postural support for fine motor movement (involuntary) -source of input to LMS's via multiple synapses -smaller, short, "local" circuits corticospinal tract - Answer-cerebral cortex to the spinal cord UMN of corticospinal tract... - Answer--"first" order neurons -cerebral cortex to spinal cord -descend through internal capsule -decussate @ medulla (brainstem) -synapse in anterior horn of the spinal cord LMN of corticospinal tract - Answer--"second" order neurons -cell body of anterior horn synapses with muscle fibers = motor unit corticobulbar tract - Answer-Controls all voluntary movement for speech production. Descends from motor cortex through internal capsule but terminates at cranial nerves. -cerebral cortex to brainstem UMN of corticobulbar tract - Answer--"first" order neurons -cerebral cortex --- brainstem -descend down through the internal capsule -synapse on cranial nerve nuclei (CN nuclei) LMN of corticobulbar tract - Answer--"second" order neurons -cell body in CN nuclei synapse with muscle fibers = motor unit pyramidal system includes: - Answer--motor cortical areas -primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, supplementary motor cortex -corticospinal tract -corticobulbar tract extrapyramidal system includes: - Answer--basal ganglia -cerebellum -brainstem Brainstem functions as a motor conduit for: - Answer--corticospinal tract brainstem integrates info... - Answer--reticular formation -complex motor patterns, aspects of respiratory & cardiovascular activity, consciousness, etc. reticular formation (RF) - Answer-a network within the medulla and brainstem; associated with attention, alertness, and some reflexes -modulates transmission of info. in pain pathways -autonomic reflex circuity: breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, etc. -control of arousal & consciousness central pattern generators - Answer-circuits of neurons that generate routine, rhythmic movements and are controlled entirely by the spine with no input from the brain -locomotion -respiration -swallowing