Biology 1M03 Exam Study Guide Questions With Verified Answers

is culture and cumulative cultural change common in other animals? - Answer culture is common in other animals but cumulative cultural change is rare what is culture? - Answer the shared information acquired through social learning guest speaker Taru Vasanthan conducted her research on what species? - Answer tardigrades would organisms in an aphotic zone of the ocean use photosynthesis? - Answer the organisms would not use photosynthesis why may have bipedalism evolved in hominins? - Answer to allow hominins to easily gather food, and to keep them cool in savanna or warm environments a scientist's research is focused on studying, preserving and restoring threatened populations, communities and ecosystems, this scientist is what kind of ecologist? - Answer conservation ecologist microliths are classified in what mode of tool kits? - Answer mode 5 a high ranking gorilla makes loud grunting sounds and stands on his hind feet to appear large in size and hits his chest to show his dominance over another younger subordinate male gorilla, what kind of behaviour is this gorilla showing? - Answer agonistic behaviour you're in a location in which the water fluctuates between very salty concentration and less salty concentration, you look at your surroundings and see that the region's located in an area where a river meets the larger ocean, you're most likely situated in which part of a biome? - Answer estuary part of a biome which factors contribute to a learned behaviour? - Answer behaviour of others, environmental stimuli, past experiences and genetics a scientist observes a crow using a small twig to get insects out from a hole in a tree trunk, how could the scientist determine if this digging behaviour is innate or learned? - Answer raise the crow in isolation from other crows and observe if the crow still exhibits the digging behaviour which behaviour is used by operation migration researchers to help the young whooping cranes follow the human volunteers? - Answer imprinting which characteristic is generally used to classify terrestrial biomes? - Answer the predominant species that are living there a spiny lobster navigates to its home by using magnetic fields detected in their environments, which level of causation describes this statement? - Answer proximate level what do human biological males look for in biological females in attraction? - Answer high reproductive value elephant seals travel to beaches during the breeding season, male elephant seals arrive first and establish territory by fighting with other competing males, their posturing and fighting behaviours is an indication of which behavioural concept? - Answer intrasexual selection regarding China's conservation ecology panda bear project, what is the common cause of mortality in young baby pandas that required the researchers to address in their labs? - Answer toxicity problems associated with constipation what are the components of a species that is considered to be invasive? - Answer they may out compete the native species, they are nonnative species and are introduced into a new area, they may cause the spread of a pathogen altruism may be detrimental to the fitness of the individual performing the altruistic act but beneficial to the recipient, why is this type of behaviour still an evolutionary advantage for the atruistic individual? - Answer they are genetically related to the recipient a patient in a study is treated with an antibiotic for an infection, researchers observe that most of the beneficial bacteria in her gut are killed, but some don't seem to be affected by the antibiotic, when she's treated again a week later some are killed but most now seem unaffected, this observation provides evidence for what? - Answer natural selection who's better at hanging from trees, apes or monkeys? - Answer apes what is the best way to tell the sex of a hominin skeleton? - Answer from the hips what is not likely a reason why upright posture in hominins evolved? - Answer to adjust to an environment with more trees the rapid evolution of flowering plants likely influenced primate evolution in many ways, what is most likely the reason? - Answer made new adaptive opportunities available what specific types of adaptations and ecological settings would an organismal ecologist study for their research? - Answer they would conduct research examining the behavioural, morphological and physiological adaptations that allow organisms to survive in a specific area what specific types of adaptations and ecological settings would a landscape ecologist study for their research? - Answer they would conduct research examining the specific types of adaptations associated with controlling the exchanges of energy, materials and organisms across the mosaic of several connected ecosystems how would you use Hamilton's Rule to determine if an individual should exhibit altruistic behaviour for their relative? - Answer if BrC the benefit of exhibiting altruistic behaviour is greater than the cost what is the percent difference in the total nucleotides in chimpanzees and humans? - Answer 1.3% the difference in gene expression between chimpanzees and humans is greatest in which cells? - Answer brain cells what is looping? - Answer the adaptations in one characteristic provide opportunities for adaptations in another characteristic which provide further opportunities for adaptations in relation to the original characteristics what are some examples of characteristics that were likely involved in the same loop in hominin evolution? - Answer brain size, complex foraging, language, sociality, toolmaking, slow development, clever hands, stereoscopic vision or depth perception which type of genes in humans are known to be under disruptive selection for diversity? - Answer immune system genes how does adaptation affect acclimation? - Answer adaptation tends to lead to the evolution of better acclimation responses what are 3 pieces of evidence for the idea that species change through time? - Answer vestigial traits, transitional forms in the fossil record, observations of tuberculosis bacteria that are exposed to antibiotic treatment blue whales evolved gradually in increasing size, starting from a time they looked more or less like small hippos, which type of evolution best represents this? - Answer goal-directed evolution which kind of homology best exemplifies a variety of tetrapods having embryos that look very similar? - Answer developmental homology what is the most likely explanation for striking similarities between the bone structure of human arms and turtle flippers, convergent evolution, acclimation, homoplasy or homology? - Answer homology the lifetime Darwinian fitness of one organism is greater than that of another organism if lives longer than the other, it is able to outcompete the other for access to resources, it mates more frequently, or it leaves more viable offspring than the other? - Answer it leaves more viable offspring than the other male zebras have been observed to stand and face off against hyenas and other large predators which explanation is the least likely: they are willing to impress female zebras so they can get more mating opportunities, they are willing to risk their lives to protect the species, they are willing to risk their lives to protect their offspring, they are willing to save energy by warning the predators that they have been spotted and are unlikely to succeed? - Answer they are willing to risk their lives to protect the species do mutations cause little or much evolution directly? - Answer little do mutations affect little or much evolution indirectly by providing variation on which natural selection acts? - Answer much juncos are birds with white outer tail feathers that the males display during aggressive interactions and courtship displays, females prefer to mate with males with more white on their tails, what type of selection was most likely involved in the evolution of white outer tail feathers in juncos? - Answer sexual selection suppose 36% of a remote mountain village cannot taste PTC, if this population conforms to the Hardy-Weinberg expectations for this gene, what percentage of the population must be heterozygous for this trait? - Answer 48% what does the biological species concept use as the primary criterion for determining species boundaries - Answer gene flow if we believe in using monophyletic groups when possible, why should we object to referring to therapsids as reptiles? - Answer if therapsids are reptiles, then mammals would have to be reptiles which of the following is not likely a reason for early primates developing stereoscopic vision, navigating through trees, avoiding predators, catching insects, or exploiting new plant resources? - Answer avoiding predators the fossil record is relatively rich in organisms that lived in shallow water or mud, as opposed to the open ocean or land, which bias supports this? - Answer habitat bias researchers raised 100 populations of peppered moths, starting with an equal number of homozygous white and dark individuals in each case, after 10 generations of allowing 5 pairs from each population to breed which each generation, they found that 50% of the populations were either all white or all dark, if this effect is due to genetic drift, what would be expected if they allowed 10 pairs from each population to breed in each generation for the same time period? - Answer less than 50% of the populations would be either all white or all dark