WGU C272- Foundational Perspectives of Education Exam Questions and Answers 2024/2025 | 100% Verified Answers By Expert Grade A+

WGU C272- Foundational Perspectives of Education Exam Questions and Answers 2024/2025 | 100% Verified Answers By Expert Grade A+. Foundations of Education - The psychological, historical, philosophical, and sociological aspects of the field of education that are considered essential to the professional knowledge of all teachers. Lev Vygotsky - Social Development TheorySocial interaction among children plays a major role in cognitive development Robert Havighurst - Six Stages of Development and GrowthChildren must master specific developmental tasks to develop normally. Jean Piaget - Four Stages of DevelopmentCreated theory of cognitive development, believed that children learn from facts, concepts, and principles in four major stages- Sensorimotor, Pre-operational, Concrete Operations, & Formal Operations Jerome Bruner - Three Modes of RepresentationBelieves children encounter a series of developmental stages as they mature Benjamin Bloom - Author of Taxonomy of Educational ObjectivesPredict learning outcomes by assessing 3 factors B.F. Skinner - Behavioral Theory Frederick Douglass - Improved vocational training for African Americans WGU C272- Foundational Perspectives of Education Exam Questions and Answers 2024/2025 | 100% Verified Answers By Expert Grade A+ Booker T. Washington - Tuskegee InstituteAfrican American educator who contributed immensely to the development of education in the United States- Influence on African American Students Maria Montessori - Casa Dei BambiniDeveloped theory and methods of educating young children Ella Flagg Young - First female superintendent for Chicago Public SchoolsFirst female president of the National Education Association Teacher-centered philosophies - essentialism, behaviorism, positivism Student-centered philosophies - progressivism, humanism, constructivism Essentialism - -core information that educated people should know -hard work and mental discpline -teacher centered instruction -draws from idealism and realism -focus mainly on developing basic skills, not truths Essentialism- In the classroom - -purpose of education is to transmit culture and develop citizens -student is a learner, teacher instructs in essentials -curriculum focuses on subject matter and content -methods include: required reading, lectures, memorization, repetition, examinations, step by step directions Behaviorism - -B.F. Skinner is the father. -Behavior determined by environment not heredity -Behavior response to external stimuli -behaviorism related to realism, link to environment Behaviorism-In the classroom - -Teacher influences student behavior by controlling stimuli -school environment is highly organized -curriculum based on behavioral objectives -knowledge is observable, a reward system is often utilized Positivism - -Focus on observable, measurable information -reject beliefs about mind-spirit consciousness -reality explained by laws of matter and motion -knowledge based on sense of perceptions -objective reality Positivism- In the classroom - -Direct instruction, clear structured directions and expectations -knowledge gained through empirical observation -students assessed using same objective criteria -content standards based on expert understandings Progressivism - -ideas verified through experiment, learners initiate questions -human experience basis for knowledge, not authority -privileges scientific method of teaching, learning -emphasis on how to think (process) not what to think (content) Progressivism- In the classroom - -Schools must improve society, model democracy -schools must model meaningful, organized freedom -freedom expressed thought student-teacher collaboration -texts become tools, not indisputable knowledge -Henry Giroux schools as vehicles for change -teachers should practice critical pedagogy Humanism - -education should enhance innate goodness -schools objective is the student -education should start with the individual self -education should develop free, self-actualizing person Humanism- In the classroom - -curriculum is found in the environment, not subject matter -positive student-teacher relationships crucial for learning -individualized instruction, open access curriculum, non graded instruction, multi-age grouping -free schools, storefront schools, schools without walls, -humanistic programs usually more costly constructivism- - -developing personal meaning through hands-on activity -students provided opportunity to construct meaning through critical thinking and big ideas -freedom to infer and discover own answers -teaching involves a variety of learning activities constructivism- in the classroom - -problem based learning -teachers invite students to experience, proposes situations -students encouraged to ask questions, seek own answers Erasmus - -Dutch renaissance Humanist, Catholic priest, social critic, teacher and theologist -he was a classical scholar who wrote in pure Latin style -he was one of the most famous educators and formed the humanistic theory of education Frederich Froebel - -Laid the foundation for modern education based on the recognition that children have unique needs and capabilities -his contributions include the establishment of the first kindergarten -he believed that women are best suited to teach young children