AORN Perioperative 101 Exam 2024 Questions and Answers

AORN Perioperative 101 Exam 2024 First forms of anesthesia: - Answer ️️ -Nitrous Oxide and ether Who may provide anesthesia care? (4 answers) - Answer ️️ -Anesthesiologist, CRNA, Anesthesiologist assistant, perioperative nurse Factors to consider when determining what anesthetic to use for a particular patient: (8 answers) - Answer ️️ --pt/surgeon preference -Surgical procedure -Physical Status -Age -Postoperative recovery time -Length of surgery -Position of pt -Pt previous experience with anesthesia General Anesthesia - Answer ️️ -a reversible state of unconsciousness, consisting of amnesia, analgesia, and muscle relaxation Regional Anesthesia - Answer ️️ -a reversible loss of sensation, which is achieved by injecting a local anesthetic to block the nerve fibers from transmitting impulses. Local Anesthesia - Answer ️️ -functions like regional anesthesia but usually applies to a smaller area or a single body part such as a finger or a toe. Monitored Anesthesia Care (MAC) - Answer ️️ -consists of intravenous medications and concurrent local infiltration of tissue at the surgical site What are the Four STAGES of Anesthesia? - Answer ️️ -• Stage I: Initial Administration - The first stage is the actual administering of the anesthetic drugs. There are only a few seconds in between the initial administering of the drug and unconsciousness. • Stage II: Excitement - In Stage II the patient is now unconscious. Also known as "excitement", is the time from loss of consciousness to the loss of eyelid reflex. Involuntary movements may occur at this time. • Stage III: Intrasurgery - This is the time of surgical anesthesia. The patient has rapid eye movement and breathing may be labored until the muscles completely relax. It is time to start the surgery. • Stage IV: Possibility of respiratory failure - During this last stage of anesthesia, the patient might need help. If too much anesthesia has been given, this stage is characterized by respiratory failure, leading to circulatory failure. Without breathing apparatus and heart support, the patient can die. What are the three PHASES of anesthesia? - Answer ️️ -• Induction - This phase begins with the administration of anesthesia and lasts until the surgical incision is made. • Maintenance - This phase begins with the surgical incision and lasts until near completion of the procedure (Stage 3). • Emergence - This phase starts as the patient begins to awaken and ends upon exiting the operating room IV regional anesthesia (Beir Block) is most often used for: - Answer ️️ -Upper extremity nerve blockade A common side effect to monitor after spinal anesthesia is: - Answer ️️ -hypotension due to vasodilation What is the most consistent physiological indication of Malignant Hyperthermia? - Answer ️️ - Increased end tidal CO2 What drug is given for Malignant Hyperthermia? - Answer ️️ -Dantrolene *Also, stop triggering agents, give 100% oxygen, cool pt During Monitored Anesthesia Care (MAC), the Pt is monitored for what 3 risks? - Answer ️️ -• Extravasation of intravenous medication • A reduction of arterial oxygen saturation • Breathing difficulty During a peripheral nerve block, why must there be continuous nerve stimulation in the area to be anesthetized? - Answer ️️ -To ensure proper needle placement Special considerations for Pt undergoing endoscopic or minimally invasive surgery include: (4 answers) - Answer ️️ --Previous incisions (may alter the trocar insertion technique) -History of DVT -Consent to include possibility of open procedure -Voiding prior to surgery (empty bladder helps to avoid puncture during trocar placement & decrease need for catheterization) Fluid management in Minimally Invasive Surgery involves risk of: (2 answers) - Answer ️️ -- Hypothermia -Fluid overload *Hyponatremia could accompany hypervolemia How can we reduce risk of systemic hemodynamic changes while maintaining intra-abdominal pressure during laparoscopic surgery? - Answer ️️ -Keep pressure under 12 mm/hg in adult Pt What is the single most important factor in minimizing micro organism transfer? - Answer ️️ - Hand Hygiene! How long should hands be washed for? - Answer ️️ -15 secon