Portage NURS 251 - Test 3 graded A with
complete solutions updated
Two factors that determine a person's blood pressure - correct answerCardiac Output and Systemic Vascular Resistance
Cardiac output - correct answeramount of blood ejected from the heart's left ventricle in one minute (heart rate x stroke volume)
SVR (systemic vascular resistance) - correct answeramount of resistance to blood flow
Contributing factors to a patient's blood pressure - correct answerCardiac Factors: heart
rate, contractibility
Circulating Volume: salt, alaosterone, hormones, and peripheral sympathetic receptors
Hypertension Classification - correct answerNormotensive = <120/80
Prehypertensive = 120-139/80-89
Hypertensive = >140/90
Stage 1 = 140-159/90-99
Stage 2 = >160/100
How to take blood pressure - correct answerThe instrument used is called a sphygmomanometer. The health care provider uses a blood pressure cuff to cut off the blood flow from the brachial artery. As they release the pressure in the cuff, using a stethoscope, they are listening for the first sound, called the Korotkoff sound, meaning there is no longer enough pressure to keep all the blood from flowing. This is the top number or systolic value of the patient's blood pressure. The provider continues to let air
out of the cuff and eventually the sounds disappear, representing that the brachial artery
is now completely open. This is known as the diastolic value or bottom number in a patient's blood pressure.
Differentiate essential hypertension and secondary hypertension - correct answer-
Essential hypertension (primary hypertension): cause of the increased blood pressure is
unknown. -Secondary hypertension: elevated blood pressure is caused by another disease.
peripheral resistance - correct answerresistance generated by the flow of blood through the arteries. When this happens, the kidney releases an enzyme called renin.
Renin enzyme - correct answerleads to further vasoconstriction, water and sodium retention, and an increase in blood pressure
What happens to the peripheral resistance during high blood pressure - correct answerthere is an increased peripheral resistance which decreases blood supply to the kidney. Portage NURS 251 - Test 3 graded A with
complete solutions updated
Antihypertensive therapy - correct answer-goal is to decrease morbidity and mortality without decreasing quality of life
Antihypertensive therapy should be started in patients - correct answer· 60+ if their blood pressure >150/90mm/Hg.
· 59- or those with chronic kidney disease or diabetes used when the blood pressure >140/90mm/Hg.
The four first line antihypertensives - correct answer-Thiazide diuretics
-ACE-Inhibitors
-ARBs
-CCBs
Thiazide Diuretics (mechanism of action & example) - correct answer- known as a low sodium diet
- decreases plasma and extracellular fluid volumes which decreases preload and leads to a decrease in cardiac output and total peripheral resistance.
- Hydrochlorothiazide
ACE Inhibitors (mechanism of action & example) - correct answer- Prevent angiotensin I
from being converted to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor. It also stimulates the reabsorption of water and sodium into the body. Both of these actions raise blood pressure. Therefore, by blocking, blood pressure is reduced.
- Lisinopril (Prinivil)
ARBs (mechanism of action & example) - correct answer- Block the binding of Angiotensin II to type 1 Angiotensin II receptors. This blocks vasoconstriction and the secretion of aldosterone. Aldosterone causes sodium and water to be reabsorbed into the body, which can raise BP. Therefore, by blocking this receptor, blood pressure is reduced.
- Losartan (Cozzar)
CCBs (mechanism of action & example) - correct answer- Blocks Calcium from binding to receptors which causes smooth muscles to relax, thereby preventing contraction
- Amlodipine (Norvasc)
Sites of action of major antihypertensive medications - correct answerthe brain, heart, blood vessels, and kindeys
Angina pectoris - correct answerchest pain that results when the heart does not get enough oxygen
Key terms related to angina - correct answer-coronary artery disease
-ischemia
complete solutions updated
Two factors that determine a person's blood pressure - correct answerCardiac Output and Systemic Vascular Resistance
Cardiac output - correct answeramount of blood ejected from the heart's left ventricle in one minute (heart rate x stroke volume)
SVR (systemic vascular resistance) - correct answeramount of resistance to blood flow
Contributing factors to a patient's blood pressure - correct answerCardiac Factors: heart
rate, contractibility
Circulating Volume: salt, alaosterone, hormones, and peripheral sympathetic receptors
Hypertension Classification - correct answerNormotensive = <120/80
Prehypertensive = 120-139/80-89
Hypertensive = >140/90
Stage 1 = 140-159/90-99
Stage 2 = >160/100
How to take blood pressure - correct answerThe instrument used is called a sphygmomanometer. The health care provider uses a blood pressure cuff to cut off the blood flow from the brachial artery. As they release the pressure in the cuff, using a stethoscope, they are listening for the first sound, called the Korotkoff sound, meaning there is no longer enough pressure to keep all the blood from flowing. This is the top number or systolic value of the patient's blood pressure. The provider continues to let air
out of the cuff and eventually the sounds disappear, representing that the brachial artery
is now completely open. This is known as the diastolic value or bottom number in a patient's blood pressure.
Differentiate essential hypertension and secondary hypertension - correct answer-
Essential hypertension (primary hypertension): cause of the increased blood pressure is
unknown. -Secondary hypertension: elevated blood pressure is caused by another disease.
peripheral resistance - correct answerresistance generated by the flow of blood through the arteries. When this happens, the kidney releases an enzyme called renin.
Renin enzyme - correct answerleads to further vasoconstriction, water and sodium retention, and an increase in blood pressure
What happens to the peripheral resistance during high blood pressure - correct answerthere is an increased peripheral resistance which decreases blood supply to the kidney. Portage NURS 251 - Test 3 graded A with
complete solutions updated
Antihypertensive therapy - correct answer-goal is to decrease morbidity and mortality without decreasing quality of life
Antihypertensive therapy should be started in patients - correct answer· 60+ if their blood pressure >150/90mm/Hg.
· 59- or those with chronic kidney disease or diabetes used when the blood pressure >140/90mm/Hg.
The four first line antihypertensives - correct answer-Thiazide diuretics
-ACE-Inhibitors
-ARBs
-CCBs
Thiazide Diuretics (mechanism of action & example) - correct answer- known as a low sodium diet
- decreases plasma and extracellular fluid volumes which decreases preload and leads to a decrease in cardiac output and total peripheral resistance.
- Hydrochlorothiazide
ACE Inhibitors (mechanism of action & example) - correct answer- Prevent angiotensin I
from being converted to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor. It also stimulates the reabsorption of water and sodium into the body. Both of these actions raise blood pressure. Therefore, by blocking, blood pressure is reduced.
- Lisinopril (Prinivil)
ARBs (mechanism of action & example) - correct answer- Block the binding of Angiotensin II to type 1 Angiotensin II receptors. This blocks vasoconstriction and the secretion of aldosterone. Aldosterone causes sodium and water to be reabsorbed into the body, which can raise BP. Therefore, by blocking this receptor, blood pressure is reduced.
- Losartan (Cozzar)
CCBs (mechanism of action & example) - correct answer- Blocks Calcium from binding to receptors which causes smooth muscles to relax, thereby preventing contraction
- Amlodipine (Norvasc)
Sites of action of major antihypertensive medications - correct answerthe brain, heart, blood vessels, and kindeys
Angina pectoris - correct answerchest pain that results when the heart does not get enough oxygen
Key terms related to angina - correct answer-coronary artery disease
-ischemia
