NREMT Paramedic A+ Grade Compiled Questions and CORRECT Answers

what is HHNK? - Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Non-ketosis coma, complication of DM Type 2. S&S of DKA but no fruity breath or kussmauls breathing. what are the two types of immunity? - natural and acquired what type of reaction is an allergic reaction? what type of protein is the antibody? *high pt* - antigen-antibody reaction. IgE immunoglobulins When histamine is released, what is the affect on the body? - vasodilator, increases capillary permeability, bronchoconstriction what are S&S of anaphylactic reaction? - wheezing, stridor, urticaria, itching, angioedema, laryngeal edema, increase HR, decrease BP What is angioedema? - swelling of the tongue, lips, and eyes treatment for allergic reaction? - airway, o2, bronchodilator(albuterol), antihistamines(Benadryl), epi 1:1 IM, IV fluids, vasopressors, corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate why do patients go into anaphylactic shock? - due to 3rd space fluid loss and vasodilation Most common cause of anaphylactic shock - penicillin injection and Hymenoptera stings(like a bee) what is an anaphylactoid reaction? - same clinical effects as anaphylaxis but *NOT IgE mediated*... more common in *Pts taking beta blockers* or NSAIDS, exercise Collagen disease... name two types? - systemic lupus and scleroderma what is systemic lupus? - an inflammation disease where the body attacks its own tissue. What is scleroderma? - Chronic hardening and tightening of the skin and connective tissues. name three problems related to transplants? - infection, rejection, and drug toxicity 5 causes of infectious disease - bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, helminths(worms) best way to prevent the spread of disease? - hand washing what is the main cause of HIV/AIDS? - unprotected sex Kaposi's sarcoma - Form of skin cancer frequently seen in AIDS patients. cancer that forms blue/red/purple lesions in blood and lymph vessels. Pneumocystitis carinii - life-threatening sun infection. most AIDS patients develop PCP pneumonia - An inflammation of lung tissue, wherer the alveoli in the affected areas fill w/fluid Tuberculosis - disease caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but they can also damage other parts of the body. TB spreads through the air what is hepitis - infection of the liver S/S of Hepatitis - slow onset, fever, RUQ pain, nausea and vomiting, decrease in appetite, jaundice, dark-colored urine, light -colored stools, ascites how do you get hepatitis A? - fecal-oral contamination, not blood borne or travel how do you get hepatitis B and C? - blood borne S&S of tuberculosis - fever, night sweats, loss of energy/appetite, weight loss, chills, cough, hemoptysis what PPE if Patient has TB? - HEPA or N95 mask chickenpox - A highly contagious viral infection causing an itchy, blister-like rash on the skin. Mumps virus - viral infection that affects salivary gland Measles virus - high contagious viral infection that causes red rash Rubella virus - German measles. when rash appears, lasts about 3 days Pertussis (whooping cough) - An airborne bacterial infection that affects mostly children younger than 6 years. Patients will be feverish and exhibit a "whoop" sound on inspiration after a coughing attack; highly contagious through droplet infection. Influenza virus - flu; highly contagious viral infection mononucleosis - infectious disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes herpes simplex I - Recurring viral infection that often presents as a fever blister or cold sore. most common STDs - #1 chlamydia #2 gonorrhea what is a common way to get chlamydia in elder patients? - nursing home S&S of gonorrhea in men - pain when urination and discharged from penis S&S of gonorrhea in women - fever, vaginal discharge, PID Syphilis - Syphilis causes sores on your genitals (called chancres). The sores are usually painless, but they can easily spread the infection to other people Scabies - Scabies is not an infection, but an infestation. Tiny mites called Sarcoptes scabiei set up shop in the outer layers of human skin. The skin does not take kindly to the invasion. As the mites burrow and lay eggs inside the skin, the infestation leads to relentless itching and an angry rash. what is salmonella bacterium, salmonellosis, staphylococcus? - a common bacterial disease that affects the intestinal tract. Salmonella bacteria typically live in animal and human intestines and are shed through feces. Humans become infected most frequently through contaminated water or food. s/s of salmonella - nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, weakness, symptoms with a few hours or days what is botulism- clostridium bacteria? - The viral toxin causes paralysis. Paralysis starts in the face and spreads to the limbs. If it reaches the breathing muscles, respiratory failure can result. spread through contaminated food and water. S&S of botulism? - blurred vision, difficulty speaking, walking, numbness, paralysis, respiratory paralysis, death, onset 1-4 days after ingestion septic shock - due to overwhelming infection