USA Gross Anatomy Lecture Exam 1 Questions and Answers (Graded A+)

Forced flexion of the cervical spine may tear which of the vertebral ligaments between C4-6? - ANSWER-Ligamentum nuchae, facet joint capsule and maybe the posterior longitudinal Forced flexion of the cervical spine may stretch which of the vertebral ligaments between C3-5? - ANSWER-The same ligaments as above, as well as ligamentum flavum which may be stretched but is unlikely to tear because of its elastic composition Hyperextension of the cervical spine from C4-6 or the lumbar spine from L3-5 could tear what vertebral ligaments? - ANSWER-Anterior longitudinal ligament (C4-6; L3-5) and iliolumbar ligaments (L3-5) An exaggerated kyphosis of the thoracic spine would stretch which of the vertebral ligaments? - ANSWER-Supraspinous, and interspinous ligaments mainly with slight stretch of the posterior longitudinal lig. An exaggerated lordosis of the lumbar spine would stretch which of the vertebral ligaments? - ANSWER-Anterior longitudinal ligament Where is type I collagen found? - ANSWER-In the dermis, tendon, ligament, fibrocartilage, bone, joint capsule and fascia What cells produce collagen in tendons and ligaments? - ANSWER-Fibroblasts What cells produce collagen in bone? - ANSWER-Osteoblasts What cells produce collagen in skeletal muscle? - ANSWER-Muscle cells What cells produce collagen in cartilage? - ANSWER-Chondroblasts and chondrocytes Name 3 structures that consist of dense regular CT? - ANSWER-1) Tendons, 2) ligaments, 3) fascia, and 4) aponeuroses contains densely packed collagen bundles arranged in various directions; there are only few fibroblasts and macrophages. limits or resists the mobility of structures in multiple directions - ANSWER-dense irregular CT contains loosely arranged collagen fibers. There are many cells of many different types, especially fibroblast and cells associated with inflammation and the immune system. allows mobility of structures. - ANSWER-loose CT It is composed of a large quantity of elastic fibers mixed with Type I collagen - ANSWER-ligamentum flavum