DANB ICE EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS

DANB ICE EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS What are the two common oral diseases? - answerDental caries (decay) and periodontal disease. What are the 5 major groups of microorganisms? - answer1)bacteria 2) algae 3) Protozoa 4) fungi 3) viruses Bacteria - answermake up a large group of one-called microorganisms that vary in size , shape and arrangement of cells how does infection occur? - answerinfection occurs when bacteria that occur naturally in one part of the body invade another part of the body and become harmful when under a microscope, Bacteria can be seen to have what three shapes? - answer1)spherical (cocci) 2) rod (bacilli) 3) spiral (spirochete) streptococci cause what infections? - answerstrep throat (pharyngitis) tonsilitis, pneumonia, and endocarditis. It is recommended by the CDC that.... - answerInstruments be placed in sodium hydroxide for 2 hrs followed by steam sterilization at 121 degrees Celsius for 1 hr to inactivate the disease. A virus invades a host cell...... - answerreplicates, and then destroys the host cell so that the virus are released in the body. viral diseases are transmited by, - answerdirect contact, insects, percutaneous injury, blood transfusion, contaminated food or water, and inhalation of droplets expelled by coughing or sneezing. Viruses can be destroyed easily by using what chemicals? - answerchlorine(bleach) iodine, phenol, and formaldehyde. How is Hepatitis A spread? - answerIt is spread from person to person by putting something in the mouth that has been contaminated through the stool of a person with hepatitis A. how is hepatitis A prevented? - answervaccination and hand hygiene how is hepatitis B transmitted? - answerblood and body fluids how is hepatitis B prevented? - answerimmunization. What is a viral hepatitis? - answerIt is an inflammation pf the liver caused by a virus. what are the symptoms of a viral hepatitis? - answerTiredness, loss of appetite, nausea, abdominal discomfort, dark urine, clay-colored bowel movements, and yellowing in the skin, (jaundice) How long can HAV, HBV, HCV survive outside the body? - answer-HAV can live outside the body for months depending on environmental conditions. -HBV can survive outside the body for at least 7 days. -HCV can survive outside the body for 16 hours but no longer then 16 days. How long is the HBV vaccine effective? - answer15 years Who should get the HBV vaccine? - answerAll babies at birth All children from birth to 18 years of age who have not been vaccinated Persons of any age whose behavior puts them at risk for HBV infection Persons whose jobs expose them to human blood and/or body fluids How is hepatitis c transmitted? - answeris most efficiently transmitted through blood transfusion or by percutaneous exposure to blood. How is hepatitis C prevented? - answerpreform blood donor screening, modify risky behavior. How is hepatitis d transmitted? - answerThrough body fluids such as blood, sexual fluids, and saliva. and percutaneous and mucosal tissues Causes infection only in the presence of Hepatits B. How is hepatitis E transmitted? - answerfecal-oral route through contaminated food or water. How is hepatitis E prevented? - answerEnsure safe drinking water. What is HIV infection? - answeris a blood borne viral disease in which the bodys immune system breaks down and which can later on cause AIDS. How is HIV spread? - answerSexual contact, or exchange of body fluids such as blood when drug users share need