Biology 172 UH Manoa Final Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

Biology 172 UH Manoa Final Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass How humans detect visual, auditory, olfactory, and gustatory signals ear has mechanoreceptors to indicate movement hearing-vibrations of tympanic membrane to cochlea corti- vibrations of basilar membrane bends hairs fused to tectorial membrane seeing- light receptors contain pigment that chemically alter with light exposure cone cells= color blindness taste-5 different taste buds Structure of muscle tissue how it contracts cardiac vs skeletal muscle myofibril and sacromere fiber bundles overlap for contraction contraction uses ATP that binds myosin releases actylocholine action potential triggers Ca2+ release Innate behaviors behaviors usually inflexible responses.<div>fixed action patterns be wiggle dance learned behaviors habituation-rat with popping noise imprinting- learn at early stage define behavior an action in response to stimulus under control of nervous system proximate behavior immediate trigger running because of danger herd Ultimate behavior running for ultimately survival or reproduction spatial learning use of cognitive map wasp uses landmarks to find nest classical conditioning pavlovs dogs stimuli to physical response autoshaping when stimuli involved operant conditioning Skinner rats learned to ring bell and get food action gets a reward or penalty observational learning common in vertebrates not just mimic but watch from other mistakes insight learning ability to perform new adaptive behavior without previous experience different sensory cells, where they are, and how they work mechinoreceptors- sense physical deformation, pressure, stretch, motion, sound pain receptors- respond to physical chemical or thermal damage electromagnetic receptors- detect magnetism, light, or electricity chemoreceptors-taste, smell, pheromones, solutes going from sensory inputs to perceptions imput via sensory neutrons<div>intergration via interneutrons motor output via motor neutrons perception needs transduction, transmission, and integration energy to integration, tranduction, amplification, change in membrain potential transmission, action protentials brain-intergration processing orographic precipitation Orographic precipitation (rain-shadow effect) creates wetbiomes in the Hawaiian Islands photic zone sunlight zone is the depth of the water in a lake or ocean that is exposed to sufficient sunlight for photosynthesis to occur. aphotic (profundal) zone - no sun oligotrophic oligotrophi may be used to