cracking and natural resources of organic compound( chemistry) 2022

CHEMISTRY
CRACKING AND NATURAL RESOURCES OF
ORGANIC COMPOUND
(INTERMEDIATE AND APTITUDE TEST LEVEL NOTES)

CRACKING
Definition:
A chemical process in which a long chain carbon compound is converted
into small chain compounds by heating is called pyrolysis and when this
process is applied on alkanes, it is called Cracking.
The product obtained after the process of cracking is smaller alkanes,
alkenes and Hydrogen gas.The process of Cracking is not a clear cut process
means in most of the cases the products of cracking are undefined.

Examples:
1.Propane is heated at about 700C to 800C to produce a mixture of
propene , Ethene , methane and Hydrogen gas.
2(CH3—CH2 ---CH3) ----------- CH3 ---CH == CH2 + C2H4 + CH4 + H2
Propane Propene Ethene
Methene
2. The Cracking of heavy gas oil in the presence of Zeolite is
C7H15(C15H30)C7H15 ----------------- C7H16 + C7H14 + C15H30
Heavy gas oil Heptane Heptene If
further Cracks


Importance of Cracking:
Some of the important uses of Cracking in industry are

1. In order to meet the demand of gasoline (motor fuel) the higher
boiling fractions of crude oil are converted into smaller molecules of
gasoline range by cracking
Kerosene (C11-------------C16) ------------------ Gasoline (C5 ------- C11)

2. The Cracking of Ethane and propane is done to produce Ethene ,
propene and other important alkenes that are important industrial
compounds.