Pathfinder HLZ Study Guide questions and answers

What is the reference for Helicopter Landing Zones? FM 3-99 Airborne and Air Assault Operations What are the consideration factors that contribute to the process of HLZ site selection? Tactical Considerations and Technical Considerations Technical considerations are the responsibility of who? The Pathfinder What are the seven selection factors in reference to technical considerations? Size of HLP (OR TDP), Landing formations, surface conditions, obstacles, approach and departure routes, atmospheric conditions, and type of load What are the factors that are the basis for size of the HLP (TDP)? (SNAP) Size/type of A/C, Night or Day operations, Atmospheric Conditions, Pilot/unit proficiency What is the diameter of the TDP for the OH-6, OH-58, MH-6, AH-6, and UH-72A? 25 Meters (Army Skid A/C) What is the diameter of the TDP for the AH-1W/Z, UH-1N/Y? 35 Meters (Marine Corps Skid A/C) What is the diameter of the TDP for the AH-64, UH-60A/LM, and SH-60? 50 Meters (All 60 series A/C) What is the diameter of the TDP for all CH A/C to include the MV/CV-22B (OSPREY)? 80 Meters (ALL CH A/C) What is the diameter of the TDP for ALL slingload A/C (Daytime), A/C of unknown origin (or unreported what is enroute to you), A/C in formation utilizing Land-Safe System? 100 Meters What is the diameter of the TDP for all Slingload A/C using longlines? 125 Meters What is the diameter of the TDP for all Slingload A/C (Nighttime), A/C w/ Sling Load utilizing Land-Safe System? 150 Meters What is the TDP? Touch Down Point, the area you have cleared of obstacles Do Slingload A/C fly in formation? No When referencing marking the TDP, what does the TDP distance and the crowsfoot method tell you? TDP tells how far to walk, and crowsfoot tells what direction to walk If establishing a TDP between the hours of 1800 and 0559, what must you do? Mark with light What are the nine standard A/C formations? Trail, staggered trail left, staggered trail right, echelon left, echelon right, heavy left, heavy right, diamond (MOST SECURE ON THE GROUND), and vee Which A/C formation is the most secure on the ground? The diamond How is the TDP distance measured? From center to center of the TDPs What is the distance between aircraft in flight during the day? 2 to 3 rotor disks What is the distance between aircraft in flight during night? 3 to 5 rotor disks Which formation do you double the distance between the first and third A/C? Heavy left and heavy right True or false. You will always clear the area for the ghost ship (in heavy left or heavy right) but you do not mark it? True What is the formula to determine the needed usable length and width of the HLS? (TRIANGLE) SIN(45)XDistance What is needed usable length and for 4 CH A/C flying in trail formation? 240 Meters What are the ideal surface conditions for a HLS? Firm enough to support the weight of the aircraft and free of loose sand, snow, or debris What is a way to determine the firmness of the HLS surface? Alabama boot stomp, heel cannot sink more than 2 inches What are the Four "R"s of obstacles near the site? (anything that is 18 inches high, wide, or deep) Remove, Reduce, Red (mark in red), Radio (advise pilot) What is considered a surface obstacle in addition to the Four "R"s? Ground slope True or false, It is okay to land an aircraft on a down-slope as long as you approach from the appropriate side and from the low side. False. NEVER land an aircraft down-slope if at all possible What is the ground slope that all A/C can land on and no advisory is required? 7 degrees or less What A/C MUST terminate at a hover when the slope exceeds 7 degrees? OH and UH A/C that utilize skids for landing True or False. All UH and OH A/C that utilize wheels and skids MUST terminate at a hover for landing when the slope is greater than 7 degrees. False. Only UH and OH with skids must terminate at a hover What A/C are capable of landing on slopes between 7 and 15 degrees with an advisory? large UH and CH A/C If the slope exceeds __________, all A/C must terminate at a hover. 15 degrees What is the slope formula? (difference in elevation/horizontal distance)X57.3 True or False. The slope formula is reasonably accurate for slope angles under 25 degrees. False. Under 20 degrees What is the slope formula for a difference of elevation of 150 meters, and a horizontal distance of 1500 meters? (150/1500)X57.3 (ROUND TO THE NEXT WHOLE) To convert feet to meters, what must you do? divide by 3.28 To convert meters to feet, what must you do? multiply by 3.28 True or false. You round to the nearest whole when determining slope. False. Always round up for safety. True or False. approaches and departures are made along the short axis of the HLS over the lowest obstacle, into the wind. False. along the long axis. What is the rule for obstacle buffer? 100 meters or a 10:1 (10XHeight of obstacle) ratio A _________ buffer will be given to both sides of the site. 10 meters When given authority by the ________, Pathfinders may reduce the obstacle ratio to no less than _____________ or _________. GUC, 5:1 (5XHeight of obstacle) or 50 Meters True or false. The TDP can not be on the obstacle buffer line. False. It can be. Always attempt to land A/C facing _____________. Into the wind. A ____________ left or right of land heading IS considered a head wind. 45 degrees Depending on A/C capabilities, the A/C can land if the crosswind speed is between _____________ and the tailwind speed is between ____________. When the speeds exceed __________, the pilot must land into the wind. (crosswind) 0-9 knots, (tailwind) 0-5 knots, (speeds exceed) 9 knots. True or false. The departure heading can vary up to 45 degrees to either side of land heading. True