PNB 2264 Final Cumulative Exam With Complete Solutions 2024/2025

PNB 2264 Final Cumulative Exam With Complete Solutions 2024/2025 Choose the answer that best illustrates hierarchy of organization. A. Blood levels of glucose are maintained within narrow limits B. Organs are made up of molecules and tissues are made up of organ systems C. Diffusion occurs down a concentration gradient D. Tissues are made up of cells and organs are made up of tissues E. All of the above - answerD. Tissues are made up of cells and organs are made up of tissues The purpose of positive feedback mechanisms is to __________ . A. Cause a rapid change in the body B. Anticipate changes in the environment. C. Return a variable toward the set point. D. Maintain a relatively constant internal environment. E. Detect changes in the external environment - answerA. Cause a rapid change in the body Your body temperature rises, this _________ is sensed by _________and in response information is carried by _________ to activate the secretion of sweat. A. Set point; receptors; the efferent pathway B. Stimulus; receptors; the efferent pathway C. Stimulus; the brain; the afferent pathway D. Set point; receptors; effectors E. Feedback; the brain; receptors - answerB. Stimulus; receptors; the efferent pathway If your body temperature decreases, ________ will bring it back up and if your body temperature increases, ________ will bring it back down. A. Negative feedback; negative feedback B. Positive feedback; positive feedback C. Negative feedback; positive feedback D. Positive feedback; negative feedback - answerA. Negative feedback; negative feedback Extracellular fluid consists of A. Blood plasma B. The fluid between cells C. The fluid inside cells D. Both A and B - answerD. Both A and B The elbow is _______ to the wrist. A. Lateral B. Medial C. Distal D. Proximal E. Dorsal - answerD. Proximal Phospholipids, a major component of the lipid bilayer, are classified as amphipathic molecules because: A. They contain hydrophilic fatty acid residues and hydrophobic phosphates B. They contain polar heads and non-polar tails C. They are able to interact with water D. All of the above - answerB. They contain polar heads and non-polar tails Which of the following is NOT an example of passive transport? A. Transport of oxygen across the respiratory membrane B. The antiport of sodium and potassium ions by the Na+/K+ pump C. Movement of water molecules into a hypertonic solution D. Calcium entering the cell through a ligand gated ion channel - answerB. The antiport of sodium and potassium ions by the Na+/K+ pump A cell is taken out of the body and placed into a test solution. The concentration of solute X in the test solution is 100mM, and the concentration of solute X inside the cell is 200mM. The cell membrane is permeable to water but not solute X. Which of the following statements is/are true? A. There is a net flux of water out of the cell B. The test solution is hypertonic C. There is flux of water molecules into and out of the cell D. All of the above are true - answerC. There is flux of water molecules into and out of the cell The intervertebral disks are composed of _________ and connect ____________ . A. Dense regular connective tissue; vertebral bodies B. Fibrocartilage; spinous processes of cervical vertebrae C. Fibrocartilage; vertebral bodies D. Hyaline cartilage; vertebral bodies - answerC. Fibroc