PNB TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024/2025 WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS

PNB TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024/2025 WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS erector spinae - answerextends vertebral column allow us to stand upright THORAX bones - answersternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae Function of thorax - answer-Protection of heart and lungs -Role of gliding movements in breathing Costovertrebral joint - answer2 joints/ rib - headof rib w/ vertebral body -tubercle of rib w/ transverse procss - all glidig joints costal= ribs vertrebral= vertrbrae WHat are the primary curves - answerconvex posterior / backward - thoracic -sacral what are the secondary curves - answerconvex foward cervical - lumbar Newborn primary curves - answerc shape spine we dont have secondary curvarture primary curves - present at birth - answerthoracic and sacral secondary curves - answer- Cervical : as baby gains head control - Lumbar : when infant learns to sit/stand DO postural curves "balance " the upright postiiion - answeryes little muscular energy is required for upright postiotn kyphosis - answerexaggerated thoracic curvature common in elderly women w/ osteroporsis - hunch back - shortened / tightnened pectoralsim major muscle lordoisis - answerexaggerated lumbar curvature -common in preganancy - also develops if we gain weight in the same region ( abdominal weight gain) -Lordosis - think of a lord eating food = large belly Scoliosis - answerlateral curvature of the spine c - or s-shape - can devlope for amny reasons scoliosis in adolescents occurs in the thoracic or rib cage portion of the spine. In adults the main concern is typically in the lumbar or lower spine. - noticed if ppl wear bagbacks with one strap INVERSE relationship between mobil