NUTR 280 Exam 1 Theimer Questions and Answers

NUTR 280 Exam 1 Theimer Questions and Answers nutrients -Answer-indispensable (vital) substances in food -your food choices determine the nutrients you consume Name 4 components nutrients provide: -Answer--energy -serve as building material -help maintain or repair body parts -support growth and regulate body processes "essential" nutrients -Answer-MUST be consumed in the diet, cannot be made by the body or in sufficient quantities Carlories -Answer-expresses the amount of energy provided by food -your food choices also determine the calories you consume Nutrient density -Answer-a measure of the nutrients provided by a food relative to its calorie content -the more nutrient dense a food, the more nutrients in offers in relation to the number of calories Why choose nutrient dense foods? -Answer--enables you to meet all your nutrient requirements -typically, keeps you from exceeding your calorie needs -eating this type of pattern can occasionally have foods in your diet that have a lower nutrient density -high nutrient density foods contain fewer nutrients per calorie - found in nature or with minimal processing Low nutrient density foods -Answer-contain fewer nutrients per calorie- higher in empty calories (calories from unhealthy fats and added sugar) fortification -Answer-The addition of nutrients that are not naturally present -Initial reason: FDA mandated it for certain foods -why fortify? helps prevent nutrient deficiencies dietary supplements -Answer-products that supply one or more nutrients as a supplement to, not a substitute for, healthful foods -do NOT offer all the benefits of food and are NOT regulated by FDA Phytochemicals -Answer-non-nutrient compounds found in plant-derived foods that have biological activity in the body -health promoting and reduce disease risk Name the 3 types of phytochemicals -Answer-1. carotenoids -beta-carotene -lycopene 2. Phytoestrogens 3. Lignans 4. Phytosterols 5. Flavonoids Carotenoids -Answer-Type of phytochemical: Give fruits and veggies their rich color & prevent oxidation, acting as antioxidants -Beta-carotene: yellow-orange pigment, found in dark green veggies as well -Lycopene: red pigment, tomatoes contain a lot; more prevalent in "cooked" tomatoes Phytoestrogens -Answer-Type of phytochemical with some influence on the estrogenic activity or hormonal system in humans -hormone-like compound, yet weakly mimics the hormone activity of estrogen in the body -may reduce risk for certain cancers SOURCE EXAMPLES: soy beans Lignans -Answer-Type of phytochemical converted into phytosterols in bacteria in the large intestine -possible anticancer agent food source: flax seeds Phytosterols -Answer-Type of phytochemical, chemical structure is similar to: CHOLESTEROL -helps lower blood cholesterol levels by interfering with the absorption of cholesterol in the small intestine Flavonoids -Answer-Type of phytochemical that acts as antioxidants (protects other cells from being damaged