Holes Anatomy and Physiology final Exam (Answered)

Holes Anatomy and Physiology final Exam (Answered) What are the functions of the skeletal system? -protect soft tissue -provide attachment for muscles -store inorganic salts -exchange gases for the body What is the definition of hematopoiesis? the process of blood cell formation What vitamin is necessary for proper absorption of calcium in the small intestines? vitamin d What cell found in bone functions to deposit bony matrix, resulting in the growth of bone tissue? osteoblast describe osteblasts -bone-building cells -involved with bone deposition -these cells should become more active when blood calcium levels are high -calcitonin causes these cells to become more active describe osteoclasts -bone resorbing cells -parathyroid hormone cells to become more active -massive multinucleate cells describe osteocytes bone cells encased in matrix intramembranous ossification -parietal bones -bones form between sheetlike layers of connective tissue -occipitcal bone -compact-spongy-compact sandwich temporal bone scapula true ribs spinous process of thoracic vertebra lacrimal bone foramen magnum head of humerous infraspinous fossa ulna mental foramen sacrum lambdoid suture tibial tuberosity freely movable Diarthrotic joints are immovable Synarthrotic joints are slightly movable Amphiarthrotic joints are menisci Fibrocartilage discs within joint bursae Fluid-filled sacs synovial membrane Lining of joint cavity; secretes fluid articular cartilage Protective layer the covers bone ends pivot joint ball and socket joint saddle joint hinge joint condylar joint flex When you reach up to scratch your nose, you have to _______ your elbow. flex flex When you sit in a chair with your feet on the floor, you have to _______ your hips and ______ your knees. abducting adducting Doing jumping jacks requires that you alternate ______ and _______ your lower extremities. muscle fascile muscle fiber myofibril myofilaments Place in order from largest to smallest the components of a skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum Site for storage of calcium myofibril Threadlike bundles of thick and thin filaments sarcolemma Plasma membrane of muscle fiber sarcoplasm Cytoplasm of muscle fiber mitochondria Site of ATP production sarcomere Functional unit of contraction within muscle fiber actin myosin The two myofilaments are the thin filaments, composed primarily of the protein ____, and the thick filament, composed of ____. The length of the myosin myofilament What is the A band? The area where there are thin filaments but no overlapping thick filaments What is the I band? The area of no myofilament overlap, where there is just thick myosin filaments. What is the H zone? The sarcomere shortens What happens to the sacromere during contraction? The A band does not change length What happens to the A band in a contracted muscle? The I band shortens. What happens to the I band in a contracted muscle? The H zone shortens What happens to the H zone in a contracted muscle? sarcoplasmic reticulum; sarcoplasm An electrical impulse traveling along the sarcolemma and into transverse tubules causes calcium ions to diffuse from the ________ into the ________. It binds to troponin, moving tropomyosin, so that myosin heads can bind to actin Which of the following best describes the role of calcium in muscle contraction? by way of the transverse tubules. An electrical impulse travels into the interior of a muscle fiber: troponin Calcium ions bind to ______ in order to initiate a muscle contraction. myosin and actin In order for muscle contraction to occur, cross-bridges form between It is the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, ending stimulation of the muscle fiber Describe the role of acetylcholinesterase in stimulation of a muscle fiber. actin Binding sites for myosin tropomyosin Blocks myosin binding sites troponin Binding sites for calcium myosin Forms cross-bridges actin When myosin heads form cross-bridges during muscle contractions, they bind to binding sites found on _____, a component of thin filaments. Myosin heads release from the binding site on actin. During the contraction cycle, what is the result of ATP binding to myosin? subscapularis