ATI Pharmacology Proctored Exam Questions and Answers

ATI Pharmacology Proctored Exam Questions and Answers An immunizing agent that confers active immunity protects by: -Answer-providing antibodies obtained from immune humans or animals. Antacids should be given one hour apart from most other drugs. Which is the rationale? -Answer-Antacids may interfere with absorption of drugs taken at the same time. Vancomycin should not be used to treat minor infections because it: -Answer-can cause "red man syndrome", a hypertensive crisis that is almost always fatal. The antagonist for a client who has overdosed on morphine is: -Answer-narcan. The most serious adverse reaction to oral contraceptives is: -Answer-thromboembolism. When a client develops tolerance to a drug, the nurse would expect: -Answer-higher dose needed to achieve same effect. Antihyperglycemic agents are prescribed for clients with: -Answer-Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse assesses a client shortly after an intravenous infusion of the osmotic diuretic mannitol is started. Which finding represents an early adverse effect of mannitol? - Answer-Bounding pulse Compared to other beta adrenergic blockers, cardioselective beta adrenergic blockers: - Answer-are less likely to cause bronchoconstriction. A client who experiences motion sickness during airplane flights obtains a prescription for meclizine (Antivert). When is the best time to take the drug? -Answer-One hour before the flight Before prescribing a cephalosporin, the nurse practitioner asks if the client is allergic to penicillin. Why is this important to assess? -Answer-A client who is allergic to penicillin can have a cross sensitivity to cephalosporins. The use of which class of antibiotics should be avoided in children? -Answer- Tetracyclines In a walk-in clinic, clients are often given intramuscular injections. Which drug should be readily available in case a client has an anaphylactic reaction? -Answer-Epinephrine Thiazide and loop (high ceiling) diuretics are similar in that both: -Answer-decrease tubular reabsorption of sodium and water. Which of the statements by the nurse most accurately describes the effects of declined plasma albumin levels in older adults? -Answer-"There is an increased risk for adverse effects." To prevent oral fungal infections, the nurse should instruct the client who uses a beclomethasone inhaler to take which action? -Answer-Rinse the mouth after each use. A client takes ethinyl estradiol/norgestimate (Ortho Tri-Cyclen) birth control pills. She calls the clinic and relates that she missed her medication yesterday. Which instructions will the nurse give? -Answer-"Take two pills today then continue on a daily basis." The nurse may administer acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) inhalation to: -Answer-facilitate mucus expectoration. Development of a chronic cough is an adverse effect associated with which class of anti-hypertensive drugs? -Answer-Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors The nurse may administer baclofen (Lioresal) for the treatment of which condition? - Answer-Protracted muscle spasticity Oral diazepam (Valium), a benzodiazepine, has been prescribed for a client who has anxiety and muscle spasms. Which nursing intervention is appropriate for the care of this client? -Answer-Assess for incoordination and daytime drowsiness. The nurse practitioner prescribed anhydrous theophylline (Theo-Dur) for the client with chronic bronchitis. With which disorder would the nurse practitioner reconsider the use of this medication? -Answer-Hypertension When a client is receiving intravenous fluid with supplementary potassium chloride, it is especially important for the nurse to monitor for which potential adverse effect? - Answer-Cardiac dsyrhythmias Which adverse effect is common for a client being treated with the antidepressant fluoxetine (Prozac)? -Answer-Sexual dysfunction After giving a dose of dextromethorphan, an antitussive, which data reflects evaluation of the drug's effectiveness? -Answer-Client states that cough has been relieved. Prior to giving a client a dose of digoxin, the nurse counts the apical pulse. If the rate is 62 bpm and regular, which is the appropriate nursing action? -Answer-Give the drug and document the heart rate. Digoxin is started for a client with an atrial arrhythmia. Within three days, the client's heart rate has decreased from 94 to 74. What action of digitalis explains this change? - Answer-Slowed impulse conduction One mechanism by which antihypertensive drugs lower blood pressure is to: -Answer- dilate peripheral blood vessels. There are many agents that are useful in the treatment of gastric ulcers. Which agent reacts with hydrochloric acid to form a viscous protective barrier over the ulcer? - Answer-Sucralfate (Carafate) A client whose asthma has been poorly controlled is prescribed cromolyn sodium (Intal) for inhalation. Client teaching should include which statement by the nurse? -Answer- "Using this drug regularly will reduce the frequency of acute attacks." The combination of aluminum and magnesium in many antacids decreases the risk of: - Answer-diarrhea or constipation. A client who is taking one daily dose of a thiazide diuretic should be instructed to: - Answer-take the medication in morning to avoid nighttime voiding. Which phase of pharmacokinetics is affected most by abnormal liver function? -Answer- Metabolism A medication order is written for ciprofloxacin (Cipro). For which client should the nurse question use of this medication? -Answer-Child age 10 A home health client tells the nurse that she is taking triamterene (Dyrenium) for fluid retention. She tells the nurse she is using a salt substitute so she will not retain so much water. What is the most appropriate nursing response? -Answer-"Using a salt substitute with this medication could cause you to have too much potassium." Orders are written for anticholinergic drugs for each of the following clients. Which order should the nurse question? -Answer-Atropine combined with opioid analgesics to relieve pain in a 30-year-old client with urinary calculi. A client with Type I diabetes mellitus is given an injection of neutral protamine hagedorn (NPH) insulin at 7:00 a.m. In order to prevent a hypoglycemic reaction, the client should have: -Answer-a mid-afternoon snack. Why is carbidopa-levodopa preferred over levodopa alone? -Answer-It decreases the amount of levodopa needed. Which findings are most likely in the client who has taken a toxic dose of a salicylate (aspirin)? -Answer-Tinnitus and dizziness Which nursing intervention is specifically important when a client is taking an alpha- blocker, such as doxazosin (Cardura) for hypertension? -Answer-Teach the client how to manage orthostatic hypotension. A client reports taking large amounts of vitamins b