AICP Planning Movements
Agrarian Philosophy - answer (1800s) Based on agricultural way of life; Thomas
Jefferson and John Hector St. John.
Laissez Faire Philosphy - answer (1800s) Advocated for a free market economy;
Adam Smith.
Public Health Movement - answer (late 1800s to 1900s) Examples included New
York State Tenement House Act of 1901, which banned the construction of dark, poorly
ventilated buildings in New York State.
Garden City Movement - answer (1890s) Self-contained communities surrounded by
"greenbelts", containing proportionate areas of residences, industry and agriculture;
Ebenezer Howard.
City Beautiful Movement - answer (1893) Prioritized how things looked over how
they functioned. Key events included the 1893 Columbian World's Exposition and the
1909 Plan of Chicago; Daniel Burnham.
City Efficient - answer (1920s) a.k.a. City Practical Movement, advocates prioritized
efficiency and economy over beauty. Led to the Standard State Zoning Enabling Act.
Concentric Zone Model - answer (1923) Depicts urban land use in concentric rings:
(1) CBD, (2) factory zone, (3) transition zone, (4) working class zone, (5) residential
zone, (6) commuter zone; Ernest Burgess.
Sector Model - answer (1939) Zones expand outward from the city center along
railroads, highways, and other transportation arteries; Homer Hoyt.
New Towns - answer (late 1930s to 1940s) Built after World War II, purposefully
planned, developed and built as a remedy to overcrowding and congestion.
City Functional Movement - answer (1940s) Focused on "scientific" city
management, including consideration for waste removal, zoning, and altering spaces for
convenience/efficiency; Frederick Law Olmsted Jr.
Agrarian Philosophy - answer (1800s) Based on agricultural way of life; Thomas
Jefferson and John Hector St. John.
Laissez Faire Philosphy - answer (1800s) Advocated for a free market economy;
Adam Smith.
Public Health Movement - answer (late 1800s to 1900s) Examples included New
York State Tenement House Act of 1901, which banned the construction of dark, poorly
ventilated buildings in New York State.
Garden City Movement - answer (1890s) Self-contained communities surrounded by
"greenbelts", containing proportionate areas of residences, industry and agriculture;
Ebenezer Howard.
City Beautiful Movement - answer (1893) Prioritized how things looked over how
they functioned. Key events included the 1893 Columbian World's Exposition and the
1909 Plan of Chicago; Daniel Burnham.
City Efficient - answer (1920s) a.k.a. City Practical Movement, advocates prioritized
efficiency and economy over beauty. Led to the Standard State Zoning Enabling Act.
Concentric Zone Model - answer (1923) Depicts urban land use in concentric rings:
(1) CBD, (2) factory zone, (3) transition zone, (4) working class zone, (5) residential
zone, (6) commuter zone; Ernest Burgess.
Sector Model - answer (1939) Zones expand outward from the city center along
railroads, highways, and other transportation arteries; Homer Hoyt.
New Towns - answer (late 1930s to 1940s) Built after World War II, purposefully
planned, developed and built as a remedy to overcrowding and congestion.
City Functional Movement - answer (1940s) Focused on "scientific" city
management, including consideration for waste removal, zoning, and altering spaces for
convenience/efficiency; Frederick Law Olmsted Jr.
