HESI PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 2023

HESI PHARMACOLOGY EXAM Chamberlain College of Nursing with Rationales Which action should the practical nurse (PN) implement first when obtaining the tympanic temperature of a 2-year-old child? a. Point the thermometer probe tip anteriorly. b. Remove drainage from the external auditory meatus. c. Apply the probe cover to the electronic thermometer. d. Ask the mother to help stabilize the child's head.{{ANS}}c. Apply the probe cover to the electronic thermometer. Rationale:Before a tympanic temperature is obtained, the equipment should be prepared for use without manipulating the electronic thermometer in front of the child, so a clean probe cover should be applied first. The practical nurse (PN) is assessing a child with asthma for retractions during respirations. When should the PN recognize the absence or presence of intercostal retractions? a. Inspiration b. Coughing c. Apneic episodes d. Expiration{{ANS}}a. Inspiration Rationale:Intercostal retractions result during the respiratory effort to draw air into restricted airways. A short arm cast is applied to a child with a fractured right ulna. The practical nurse (PN) is preparing the parents with home instructions and should reinforce that the parents follow which discharge instruction? a. Call the health care provider immediately if the nail beds appear "blue" or "empty." b. Check the child's ability to move his fingers without pain hourly for the first 48 hours. c. Elevate the arm above the heart for the first 24 hours. d. Monitor temperature every 4 hours for the next 2 days and call if an elevation is noted.{{ANS}}a. Call the health care provider immediately if the nail beds appear "blue" or "empty." Rationale:Cyanosis indicates impaired circulation to the fingers and should be reported immediately. A 2-year-old child who is hospitalized with an acute upper respiratory infection (URI) is crying uncontrollably because her mother went to the cafeteria for lunch. Which action should the practical nurse implement? a. Distract the child with a favorite toy. b. Tell the child that her mother will return. c. Take the child to the cafeteria. d. Calm the child with a dietary treat.{{ANS}}a. Distract the child with a favorite toy. Rationale:The best action is to refocus the child's attention by distracting with a favorite toy. The health care provider prescribes amoxicillin 60 mg PO three times a day for a child who weighs 13 pounds. The pediatric dosage range is 20 to 40 mg/kg/day in three equal doses. What is the maximum dosage in 24 hours that should be given? (Fill in the blank.){{ANS}}236 mg Rationale:First, convert the pounds to kg because the conversion is for kg.1 kg = 2.2 lb13 lb/(2.2 lb/kg) = 5.9 kgSecond, determine the maximum dose the child can have in 24 hours: 40 mg × 5.9 kg = 236 mg. The maximum dose the child can have is 236 mg. A child with poison ivy weighs 25 kg and receives a prescription for diphenhydramine PO 5 mg/kg. The medication is available as a 125 mg/5 mL solution. How many milliliters should the practical nurse administer? (Fill in the blank.){{ANS}}5 ml Rationale:First determine how much of the drug the child should get.The order is 5 mg/kg. Multiply 5 mg by the child's weight. 5 mg × 25 kg = 125 mg.The child would get 125 mg.Next, determine how many milliliters to administer using the following