RESQ QMA Study Guide Lesson 15-16 with Verified Solutions Graded A+

Describe the alimentary canal - continuous mucous membrane-lined muscular tube running from mouth to anus Where is the stomach located? - left side of abdominal cavity Where is the gallbladder located? - under/behind the liver what is the function of the gallbladder? - stores and concentrates bile what is the name of the fluid the gallbladder secretes? - bile what are the changes to the GI system related to aging? - Peristalsis (slows down, constipation) Diminished mucus elasticity Reduced GI secretions Decreased mobility liver changes decline in hepatic enzymes what is the average length of time food stays in the stomach? - 3-5 hours name causes of constipation - inactivity, poor diet, medications What is hepatitis? - inflammation of the liver what is an ulcer? - a break in skin or mucous membrane with loss of surface tissue, disintegration and necrosis of epithelial tissue, and often pus what are the nursing considerations for antacids? - may interfere with medication absorption should be given 1-2 hours after medications prolonged if taken with food antiflatulance tablets must be thoroughly chewed Explain smooth muscle - surrounds or is part of the internal organs what is the cardiac muscle? - also called heart muscle, it contains interlocking involuntary striated muscles as wellas smooth muscle, which allow the electrical impulses to pass quickly across the muscle fibers What are red blood cells? - Haemoglobin is the protein inside red blood cells that transports oxygen around the body. Red blood cells also remove carbon dioxide from your body, transporting it to the lungs for you to exhale. what are bones? - solid network of living cells and protein fibers that are surrounded by deposits of calcium salts, store houses for minerals, and bone marrow what is a muscle sprain? - a wrenching of a joint with a partial rupture of its ligaments what is a muscle spasm? - sudden, painful, involuntary muscle contractions