Elementary Education K-6 FTCE

Elementary Education K-6 FTCE Alliteration the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words. Analogy a comparison between things that are alike in some ways Antonyms words that have opposite meanings Argument A statement put forth and supported by evidence Automaticity accurate, speedy word recognition; is necessary, but not sufficient, for fluency development. Blending Mixing sounds in words smoothly while reading. Buddy Reading Students of different grade levels reading the same text together. Chunking Breaking words into smaller units Clerihew a witty satiric verse containing two rhymed couplets and mentioning a person. Climax Most exciting moment of the story; turning point. Comprehension The ability to understand what you have read, seen, or heard. Concepts of Print Examples of letters, words, directionality, punctuation. Consonant Blend Two or more consecutive consonants which retain their individual sounds. Creative Writing Writing that uses the writer's imagination. Decode To sound out words; segmenting and blending phonemes. Descriptive Writing Writing that paints a picture of a person, place, thing, or idea. Digraph Two consonant letters used together to create a sound unlike their individual sounds. Diamante A poem with seven lines in a diamond shape. Emergent Literacy Earliest phase of literacy development. Encode The process of changing oral language into writing. Evaluation A judgment of the significance, worth, or value of a student's work. Expository Writing Writing that explains, informs, or presents information. Fable A brief story that leads to a moral, often using animals as characters. Figurative Language Language that uses figures of speech, especially metaphors. Fluency In reading, the ability read quickly, accurately, and with proper expression. Genre A set of principles or conditions and styles within a particular media. Haiku A japanese form of poetry, consisting of three unrhymed lines of five, seven, and five syllables. High-Frequency Words Words that appear most frequently in the printed text children read. Hyperbole An obvious exaggeration. Idiom An expression that can't be understood by the literal meaning. Ex. "My heart is beating out of my chest." Informative Writing Writing that informs the reader in an attempt to create a new found knowledge. Interactive Writing Children and teachers create a written work together. Irony Using words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning. Legend A story passed down through many generations that is believed to be based on real people and events. Limerick a humorous, rhyming, five-line poem with a specific meter and rhyme scheme. Literal Language language that means exactly what it says. Literary Element Essential parts of narratives; setting, character, plot, theme, and style. Literary Language A dialect of language used in literary writing. Literature Circles Small, temporary, and heterogeneous groups of students that gather together to discuss a common book that each of them is reading with the goal of enhancing comprehension. Metonym A word that is used to stand for something else that it has attributes of or is associated with. Ex. "the wagon" being used instead of "sobriety." Metaphor A figure of speech where something is described as though it were something else. Myth A story often describing the adventure of superhuman beings in order to describe a people's customs or beliefs. Narrative Writing Tells a story, fiction or nonfiction, of something that happened. Ex. biography, memior, etc. Nonfiction Writing that tells about real people, places, and events. Ode A lyric poem that expresses strong emotions about life. Onomatopoeia A word that imitates the sound it represents. Opinion/Argument Writing Writing that attempts to convince the reader that a point of view is valid or that the reader should take a specific action. Partner Reading Reading aloud taking turns with a partner who provides word identification help and feedback. Penmanship Refers to the quality or style of one's handwriting. Personification A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes. Phonemic Awareness The ability to hear, identify, and manipulate the individual sounds, phonemes, in oral language. Phonics The relationship between letters and sounds fundamental in beginning reading. Plagiarism Taking credit for someone else's writing or ideas. Prosody Ability to read with appropriate rhythm, intonation, and expression. Pun A humorous play on words. Rate The speed of reading. Readers Theatre Script reading that focuses the reader on fluency, accuracy, rate, and prosody. Simile Comparing two things using like or as. Summarize To restate the main ideas and important details of a text in your own words. Synonym A word that means the same as another word. Syntax Rules for the formation of grammatical sentences in a language. Synthesis The combination of ideas into a complex whole. Think Aloud Teacher reads a passage then talks through the process of the story. Vocabulary A language user's knowledge of words. Voice-To-Print Matching Reading aloud and matching the voice to the print. This technique is often used with beginning readers in the primary grades. Absolute Location Exact location of a place on the earth described by global coordinates. Bill of Rights The first ten amendments to the Constitution. Capital Resource Any asset used in the production of goods and services Cartographer Mapmaker. City Council Group of people elected to serve as part of the city government. Congress National legislative body of the United States; consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Consumption The using up of a resource. Currency Something that is used as a medium of exchange, such as money. Deomcracy Government by which citizens hold the power to rule. Depository A firm entrusted with the safekeeping of valuable assets like funds (money). Depression Long lasting and painful recession or slowing of economic activity. Distribution The dissemination or dispersing of goods and services. Economic Reasoning Problem solving and strategic thinking skills. Economics The science that deals with the production, consumption, and distribution of goods and services. Electoral College A body of electors who represent the people's vote in choosing the president. Geography the study of the earth's surface, climate, continents, countries, peoples, industries, and products. Governor The elected leader of a state's government. GPS Global Positioning System Gross Domestic Product (GDP) A measurement of the total goods and services produced within a country. Human Resource A person used to accomplish a goal. Immigration The act of a person migrating into a new country or area. Inflation A persistent rise in the price of goods and services over a period of time. Judicial Review Allows the court to determine the constitutionality of laws. Limited Resource An item that is in short supply. Mayor Head of local government. Middle East The area from Libya to Afghanistan. Monopoly one company controls all of the business in one industry; eliminates competition. Natural Resource An available supply of something occurring in nature. Preamble Introduction to the Constitution. Primary Source A document or physical object which was written or created during the time under study. Production The creation of goods and services. Recession A slowdown in a nation's economy. Relative Location The position of a place in relation to another place. Scarcity Limited quantities of resources to meet unlimited wants. Senate Upper house of Congress. Stagflation High rate of inflation accompanied by rising unemployment. Timeline A linear representation of historical events shown in the order in which they occurred. Trade Exchange of goods and services. United States Constitution Fundamental law of the United States; effective date March 4, 1789, when the U.S. Senate first convened. Algae