Hartman's Nursing Assistant Care: General Pre-Test Review Questions With Correct Answers

Emesis - Answer See "vomitus" Heartburn - Answer A burning sensation in the chest or throat Hyperglycemia - Answer High sugar in the blood Hypoglycemia - Answer Low sugar in the blood Jaundice - Answer Yellowish color of the skin or whites of the eyes Vomitus - Answer Food and fluids expelled from the stomach through the mouth; emesis BMs - Answer Bowel Movements GERD - Answer Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease GI - Answer Gastro-Intestinal HBV - Answer Hepatitis B Virus IBD - Answer Inflammatory Bowel Disease I&O - Answer Intake and Ouput IV - Answer Intravenous A person has gastro-esophageal reflux disease. Which should you question? - Answer Supine position after meals A person with gastro-esophageal reflux disease has these food choices. Which is best for the person? - Answer Baked chicken A person is vomiting. You should - Answer Turn the person's head to the side Vomitus looks like coffee grounds. this signals - Answer Bleeding A person has diverticular disease. You will likely assist with - Answer Promoting normal bowel eliminatioin Gallbladder attacks usually occur - Answer Suddenly after eating Which is a sign of gallstones? - Answer Abdominal pain Hepatitis is inflammation of the - Answer Liver Which is spread by food or water contaminated with feces from an infected person? - Answer Hepatitis A Hepatitis requires - Answer Standard precautions Which is a common cause of cirrhosis - Answer Alcohol abuse A person has cirrhosis. Which should you question? - Answer Encourage fluids A person has cirrhosis. You should observe stools and vomitus for blood. - Answer True Which is a sign of diabetes? - Answer Hunger A person with diabetes needs - Answer Good foot care A person with diabetes is vomiting after a meal. The person is at risk for - Answer Hypoglycemia A person has diabetes. Blood glucose is monitored daily or - Answer 3 or 4 times a day A risk factor for gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is - Answer Alcohol use If you are caring for a person with GERD, the person may be - Answer Instructed not to lie down for 3 hours after eating Aspirated vomitus - Answer Can obstruct an airway If vomitus looks like coffee grounds, you should report at once to the nurse because - Answer It signals bleeding Diverticular disease may occur because of - Answer Aging Gallstones are - Answer Sometimes cause bile flow to be blocked A symptom of gallstones is - Answer Pain in the back, abdomen, or right underarm area When hepatitis is contracted by eating or drinking food or water contaminated by feces, it is - Answer Hepatitis A A person with cirrhosis will need good skin care because of - Answer Itching An obese 50 year-old woman with hypertension is diagnosed with diabetes. She most likely has - Answer Type 2 A diabetic complains of thirst and frequent urination. You notice the person has a flushed face and rapid, deep, and labored respirations. You know these are signs and symptoms of - Answer Hyperglycemia What 4 life-style changes may be needed for a person with GERD? - Answer 1. Weight loss 2. Smoking cessation 3. No alcohol 4. Sit upright for 3 hours after meals What 5 measures will help the person who is vomiting? - Answer 1. Turn the head to the side 2. Place an emesis basin under the chin 3. Move the vomitus away after they are done 4. Perform mouth care 5. Eliminate any odors 3 Risk factors related to diverticular disease are - Answer 1. Over 50 years of age 2. A diet high in animal fat and low in fiber 3. Obese A gallbladder attack often occurs suddenly after - Answer Eating Hepatitis A is spread by the - Answer Oral - Fecal route Hepatitis B is present in the - Answer body fluids Hepatitis C can be transmitted even when the person has - Answer no signs or symptoms Hepatitis D occurs only in people with - Answer Hepatitis B Hepatitis E is not common in - Answer America 8 signs and symptoms of cirrhosis that ma occur are - Answer 1. Weakness and fatigue 2. Loss of appetite/weight loss 3. Nausea 4. Ascites 5. Edema 6. Itchy skin 7. Spider-like veins on the skin 8. Jaundice A person with ______ diabetes will be treated with healthy eating, exercise, and sometimes oral drugs - Answer Type 2 A person with _______ diabetes will be treated with daily insulin therapy as well as healthy diet and exercise - Answer Type 1 Understanding health problems allows you to safely - Answer Assist with care When a person has health problems related to life-style choices, it is important that this does not affect how you ______. Always show ________. - Answer Treat the person, always show dignity and respect Amputation - Answer The removal of all or part of an extremity Arthritis - Answer Joint inflammation Arthroplasty - Answer The surgical replacement of a joint Closed Fracture - Answer The bone is broken but the skin is intact Compound Fracture - Answer See "Open Fracture" Fracture - Answer A broken bone Gangrene - Answer A condition in which there is death of tissue Hemiplegia - Answer Paralysis on 1 side of the body Open Fracture - Answer The broken bone has come through the skin; compound fracture Paralysis - Answer Loss of muscle function, sensation, or both Paraplegia - Answer Paralysis in the legs, lower trunk, and pelvic organs Quadriplegia - Answer Paralysis in the arms, legs, trunk, and pelvic organs; tetraplegia Simple Fracture - Answer The bone is broken in 1 place Tetraplegia - Answer See "quadriplegia" ADL - Answer Activities of Daily Living ALS - Answer Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis CVA - Answer Cerebrovascular Accident JRA - Answer Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis MS - Answer Multiple Sclerosis RA - Answer Rheumatoid Arthritis ROM - Answer Range-Of-Motion TBI - Answer Traumatic Brain Injury TIA - Answer Transient Ischemic Attack A stroke also is called - Answer A cerebrovascular accident (CVA) Warning signs of stroke occur - Answer Suddenly A person had a stroke. Which should you question? - Answer Place needed items on the weak (affected) side. Which statement about Parkinson's disease is true? - Answer Tremors, slow movements, and a shuffling gait occur. Which statement about multiple sclerosis is true? - Answer Women are at greater risk than men. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis affects nerve cells that control - Answer Voluntary muscles A person has amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Which can you perform? - Answer Range-of-motion exercises Persons with head or spinal cord injuries require - Answer Rehabilitation Which carries the lowest risk for traumatic brain injury? - Answer Transferring with a mechanical lift A person has tetraplegia from spinal cord injury. Which should you question? - Answer Assist with active ROM exercises Autonomic hyperreflexia occurs - Answer After spinal cord injuries Autonomic hyperreflexia is usually triggered by - Answer A full bladder Arthritis affects the - Answer Joints A person has arthritis. Care includes - Answer Rest balanced with exercise A person had hip replacement surgery. Which should you question? - Answer Provide a chair with a low seat. A person with osteoporosis is at risk for - Answer Fractures A cast needs to dry. Which should you question? - Answer Cover the cast with blankets and plastic A person has an arm cast. Which is normal? - Answer Pulse rate of 76 and a respiratory rate of 18 A person is in traction. Care includes - Answer Giving skin care at frequent intervals After hip surgery the operated leg is kept - Answer Abducted After an amputation, the person - Answer Is fitted with a prosthesis An open fracture is also called a - Answer Compound Fracture Another name for quadriplegia is - Answer Tetraplegia The removal of all or part of an extremity is - Answer Amputation This is when the bone is broken but the skin is intact - Answer Closed Fracture This is paralysis and loss of sensory function in the arms, legs, and trunk. It can also be called tetraplegia - Answer Quadriplegia Paralysis on one side of the body is - Answer Hemiplegia Joint inflammation is - Answer Hemiplegia Joint inflammation is - Answer Arthritis A closed fracture can also be called - Answer Simple Fracture This is a broken bone - Answer Fracture This occurs when the broken bone has come through the skin. It is also called a compound fracture. - Answer Open Fracture This is the surgical replacement of a joint - Answer Arthroplasty Paralysis and loss of sensory function in the legs is - Answer Paraplegia A condition in which there is death of tissue is - Answer Gangrene This is loss of motor function, loss of sensation, or both - Answer Paralysis The leading cause of disability in the United States is - Answer Stroke If a person has stroke-like symptoms that last a few minutes, it means that - Answer The person has had a transient ischemic attack (TIA) Which of these is not a risk factor for stroke? - Answer Regular physical activity When a person has "neglect" after a stroke, it means that - Answer The person may forget about or ignore the weaker side When you are caring for a person who has had a stroke, the call light - Answer Is placed on the strong side of the body A safety concern for a person with Parkinson's disease would be - Answer Swallowing and chewing problems Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease that - Answer Has remissions and flare-ups, with more symptoms with each flare-up As amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) progresses, the person is - Answer Unable to move the arms, legs, and body If a person is in a vegetative state after traumatic brain injury, he or she - Answer Is unconscious; has sleep-wake cycles; and may open the eyes, make sounds, or move A person who has a spinal cord injury in the lumbar region will likely have - Answer Quadriplegia When caring for a person with paralysis, it is important to - Answer Check bath water, heat applications, and food for proper temperature Autonomic hyperreflexia occurs in a person who has paralysis - Answer Above the mid-thoracic level If you are caring for a person with autonomic hyperreflexia, report to the nurse at once if - Answer The person is sweating If a person is at risk for autonomic hyperreflexia, it is best if only the nurse - Answer Checks for fecal impactions or gives an enema Osteoarthritis differs from rheumatoid arthritis because osteoarthritis - Answer Occurs when cartilage covering the ends of the bone wears away When you are caring for a person with arthritis, which of these would be most helpful to the person? - Answer Help the person use good body mechanics and good posture and get regular rest. When caring for a person who has had a total hip replacement, which of these measures should not be done? - Answer Remove the pillow between the legs when the person is sleeping. Which of these will help to strengthen bones in a person at risk for osteoporosis? - Answer Exercise weight-bearing joints Which of these is not a sign or symptom of a fracture - Answer Full range of motion in the affected limb When a closed reduction is done, the person has - Answer A fracture with no bone exposed When a person has a newly applied plaster cast, it will dry in - Answer 24 to 48 hours You can prevent flat spots on a cast by - Answer Supporting the entire cast with pillows If a person complains of numbness in a part that is in a cast, you should - Answer Tell the nurse at once When giving care to a person in traction, you should - Answer Put bottom linens on the bed from the top down After surgery to repair a hip fracture, the operated leg should be - Answer Abducted at all times When you assist a person to get up in a chair after hip surgery - Answer Place the chair on the unaffected side If a person complains of pain in the amputated part - Answer Report this to the nurse at once Activities of Daily Living - Answer ADL Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Answer ALS Cerebrovascular Accident - Answer CVA Junior Rheumatoid Arthritis - Answer JRA Multiple Sclerosis - Answer MS Rheumatoid Arthritis - Answer RA Range-of-Motion - Answer ROM Traumatic Brain Injury - Answer TBI Transient Ischemic Attack - Answer TIA What are the 5 warning signs of a stroke? - Answer 1. Extreme headache 2. Inability to speak 3. Hemiplagia 4. Dizziness 5. Sudden trouble seeing What are the 4 signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease? - Answer 1. Stooped posture 2. Tremors 3. Mask-like face 4. Rigid muscles A person with Parkinson's disease will receive - Answer 1. Drugs to control symptoms 2. Exercise and physical therapy to help strength 3. Therapy for speech and swallowing 4. Safety measures to prevent falls Multiple sclerosis (MS) may present in many ways. When symptoms disappear, the person is in _______. When they flare up, the person is in ________. - Answer 1. Remission 2. Relapse What effect does amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have on the body? - Answer 1. Usually does not affect the mind, intelligence, or memory. 2. Sight, smell, taste, hearing, and touch are not affected. 3. Bowel and bladder functions remain intact. 4. Nerve cells for voluntary movement stop sending messages. When traumatic brain injury occurs - Answer 1. Brain tissue is bruised or torn. 2. Bleeding can be in the brain or nearby tissues 3. Spinal cord injuries are likely What are the major cause of head injuries in newborns? - Answer Birth When caring for a person with paralysis, you must check the person often if he or she is unable to use - Answer The call light Range-of-motion exercises are important when caring for a person with paralysis because they will maintain - Answer Muscle function and prevent contractures If the nurse delegates you to raise the head of the bead 45 degrees or more for a person with a spinal cord injury, the person may have signs or symptoms of - Answer Hyperreflexia If you are caring for a person with arthritis, what are the benefits of these treatments? - Answer 1. Drugs decrease swelling and inflammation and relieve pain 2. Heat relieves pain, increases blood flow, and reduces swelling 3. Exercise helps joint flexibility 4. Rest and joint care protect the joints How do these assistive devices help a person with arthritis? 1. Canes and walkers 2. splints 3. Adaptive and self-help devices - Answer 1. Provide support 2. support weak joints 3. Are useful When caring for a person who has had a hip replacement, what instructions are given to the person to protect the hip? - Answer 1. Do not cross legs or turn the knee in 2. Do not sit in low chairs 3. Avoid flexing past 90° 4. Use long handled grabbers 5. Use an elevated toilet 6. Use pillows between the legs while sleeping List how these risk factors affect developing osteoporosis: 1. Women risk increases 2. Family 3. Weight - Answer 1. after menopause 2. History of 3. Thin or small frame