Test Bank for Pilbeams
Mechanical Ventilation 7th
Edition by Cairo
Chapter 1; Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical Ventilation
Test Bank
MULTICHOICE:
• The body’s mechanism for conducting air in and out of the
lungsis known as which of the following?
a. External respiration
b. Internal respiration
c. Spontaneous ventilation
d. Mechanical ventilation
ANS: C
The conduction of air in and out of the body is known as
ventilation. Since the question asks for the body’s
mechanism, this would be spontaneous ventilation. External
respiration involves the exchange of oxygen (O2) and
carbon dioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the
pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the
cellular level and involves movement ofoxygen from the
systemic blood into the cells.
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3
• Which of the following are involved in external respiration?
a. Red blood cells and body cells
b. Scalenes and trapezius
muscles
c. Alveoli and pulmonary
capillaries
, d. External oblique and
transverse abdominal muscles
ANS: C
External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and
carbondioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the pulmonary
capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the cellular level
and involves movement of oxygen from the systemic blood
into the cells.
Scalene and trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of
inspiration. External oblique and transverse abdominal
musclesare accessory muscles of expiration.
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3
• The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes
duringnormal spontaneous breathing is depicted by
which of the following?
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: B
During spontaneous breathing the intrapleural pressure
drops from about -5 cm H2O at end-expiration to about -
10 cm H2O atend-inspiration. The graph depicted for
answer B shows that change from -5 cm H2O to -10 cm
H2O.
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 4
• During spontaneous inspiration alveolar pressure (PA) is about:
.
, a. - 1 cm H2O
b. + 1 cm H2O
c. 0 cm H2O
d. 5 cm H2O
ANS: A
-1 cm H2O is the lowest alveolar pressure will become
during normal spontaneous ventilation. During the
exhalation of a normal spontaneous breath the alveolar
pressure will become +1cm H2O.
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3
• The pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is
known aswhich of the following?
a. Transairway pressure (PTA )
b. Transthoracic pressure (PTT)
c. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR)
d. Transpulmonary pressure (PL)
ANS: D
The definition of transpulmonary pressure (PL) is the
pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation. Transairway
pressure (PTA )is the pressure gradient required to produce
airflow in the conducting tubes. Transrespiratory pressure
(PTR) is the pressure to inflate the lungs and airways during
positive pressure ventilation. Transthoracic pressure (PTT)
represents the pressure required to expand or contract the
lungs and the chest wall at thesame time.
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3
, • Calculate the pressure needed to overcome airway
resistance during positive pressure ventilation when the
proximal airway pressure (PAw) is 35 cm H2O and the alveolar
pressure (PA) is 5 cmH2O.
a. 7 cm H2O
b. 30 cm H2O
c. 40 cm H2O
d. 175 cm H2O
ANS: B
The transairway pressure (PTA ) is used to calculate the
pressurerequired to overcome airway resistance during
mechanical ventilation. This formula is PTA = Paw - PA.
DIF: 2 REF: pg. 3
• The term used to describe the tendency of a structure to
return toits original form after being stretched or acted on
by an outside force is which of the following?
a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscous resistance
d. Distending pressure
ANS: A
The elastance of a structure is the tendency of that
structure to return to its original shape after being
stretched. The more elastance a structure has, the more
difficult it is to stretch. The compliance of a structure is the
ease with which the structure distends or stretches.
Compliance is the opposite of elastance. Viscous resistance
is the opposition to movement offered by adjacent
structures such as the lungs and their adjacent organs.
Distending pressure is pressure required to maintain
inflation, forexample alveolar distending pressure.
Mechanical Ventilation 7th
Edition by Cairo
Chapter 1; Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical Ventilation
Test Bank
MULTICHOICE:
• The body’s mechanism for conducting air in and out of the
lungsis known as which of the following?
a. External respiration
b. Internal respiration
c. Spontaneous ventilation
d. Mechanical ventilation
ANS: C
The conduction of air in and out of the body is known as
ventilation. Since the question asks for the body’s
mechanism, this would be spontaneous ventilation. External
respiration involves the exchange of oxygen (O2) and
carbon dioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the
pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the
cellular level and involves movement ofoxygen from the
systemic blood into the cells.
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3
• Which of the following are involved in external respiration?
a. Red blood cells and body cells
b. Scalenes and trapezius
muscles
c. Alveoli and pulmonary
capillaries
, d. External oblique and
transverse abdominal muscles
ANS: C
External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and
carbondioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the pulmonary
capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the cellular level
and involves movement of oxygen from the systemic blood
into the cells.
Scalene and trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of
inspiration. External oblique and transverse abdominal
musclesare accessory muscles of expiration.
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3
• The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes
duringnormal spontaneous breathing is depicted by
which of the following?
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: B
During spontaneous breathing the intrapleural pressure
drops from about -5 cm H2O at end-expiration to about -
10 cm H2O atend-inspiration. The graph depicted for
answer B shows that change from -5 cm H2O to -10 cm
H2O.
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 4
• During spontaneous inspiration alveolar pressure (PA) is about:
.
, a. - 1 cm H2O
b. + 1 cm H2O
c. 0 cm H2O
d. 5 cm H2O
ANS: A
-1 cm H2O is the lowest alveolar pressure will become
during normal spontaneous ventilation. During the
exhalation of a normal spontaneous breath the alveolar
pressure will become +1cm H2O.
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3
• The pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is
known aswhich of the following?
a. Transairway pressure (PTA )
b. Transthoracic pressure (PTT)
c. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR)
d. Transpulmonary pressure (PL)
ANS: D
The definition of transpulmonary pressure (PL) is the
pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation. Transairway
pressure (PTA )is the pressure gradient required to produce
airflow in the conducting tubes. Transrespiratory pressure
(PTR) is the pressure to inflate the lungs and airways during
positive pressure ventilation. Transthoracic pressure (PTT)
represents the pressure required to expand or contract the
lungs and the chest wall at thesame time.
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3
, • Calculate the pressure needed to overcome airway
resistance during positive pressure ventilation when the
proximal airway pressure (PAw) is 35 cm H2O and the alveolar
pressure (PA) is 5 cmH2O.
a. 7 cm H2O
b. 30 cm H2O
c. 40 cm H2O
d. 175 cm H2O
ANS: B
The transairway pressure (PTA ) is used to calculate the
pressurerequired to overcome airway resistance during
mechanical ventilation. This formula is PTA = Paw - PA.
DIF: 2 REF: pg. 3
• The term used to describe the tendency of a structure to
return toits original form after being stretched or acted on
by an outside force is which of the following?
a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscous resistance
d. Distending pressure
ANS: A
The elastance of a structure is the tendency of that
structure to return to its original shape after being
stretched. The more elastance a structure has, the more
difficult it is to stretch. The compliance of a structure is the
ease with which the structure distends or stretches.
Compliance is the opposite of elastance. Viscous resistance
is the opposition to movement offered by adjacent
structures such as the lungs and their adjacent organs.
Distending pressure is pressure required to maintain
inflation, forexample alveolar distending pressure.
