MDC1 Final Exam Questions with Complete Solutions 2024

MDC1 Final Exam Questions with Complete Solutions 2024 What does the P in PQRST stand for? -Answer-Provocation/Palliation: What causes it? What makes it better? What makes it worse? What does the Q in PQRST stand for? -Answer-Quality & Quantity: How does it feel, look, or sound? How much of it is there? What does the R in PQRST stand for? -Answer-Region & Radiation: Where is it? Does the pain spread from the original site? What does the S in PQRST stand for? -Answer-Severity & Scale: Does it interfere with activities? How does it rate on a scale of 1-10? What does the T in PQRST stand for? -Answer-Timing & Type of onset: When did it begin? How did it occur? Sudden or gradual pain? Non-Pharmacological Pain Interventions -Answer-Exercise, meditation, relaxation techniques, cutaneous stimulation such as hot/cold therapies, repositioning, rubs Pharmacological Pain Interventions -Answer-Drug therapy Multimodal analgesia NSAIDS OPIOIDS Techniques for proper body mechanics -Answer-Avoid standing in one position for long periods of time, do not lock knees when standing, keep core tight, do not bend at waist or neck, do not slump when sitting, sleep on firm mattress, keep alignment Safe Client Handling -Answer-Use of mechanical devices to lift, move clients - Unless use proves to be unsafe, contraindicated for client Decreases falls, skin injuries, musculoskeletal injuries Fowler's position -Answer-a semi-sitting position; the head of the bed is raised between 45 and 60 degrees Semi-Fowler's Position -Answer-the head of the bed is raised 30 degrees; or the head of the bed is raised 30 degrees and the knee portion is raised 15 degrees (promotes respiratory function) High Fowler's Position -Answer-45-90 degrees (Helps with cardiac dysfunction) Orthopneic Position -Answer--patient leans forward to help with respiration -used in shortness of breath (SOB) Lateral Position -Answer-Side Lying Lateral Recumbent -Answer-Side Lying with legs in line Oblique Position -Answer-Semi-Side Lying with legs slightly bent Prone -Answer-Lying face down Sims' Position -Answer-Lying semi lateral and semi on the stomach Supine Position -Answer-Lying on back Cerebral Cortex -Answer-Controls voluntary movement Cerebellum -Answer-Coordination (Proprioception = awareness of posture) Basal Ganglia -Answer-Helps with Coordination Brainstem -Answer-Aids in breathing Hazards of immobility on musculoskeletal system -Answer-Osteoporosis Impaired Balance Foot Drop Altered Joint Mobility Pathological Fractures Decreased Stability Hazards of immobility on respiratory system -Answer-Decrease in depth of respiration Pooling of secretions in the airways Decrease ability to effectively cough leads to atelectasis (complete or partial collapse of a lung) Hazards of immobility on the circulatory system -Answer-Increased the workload of the heart Promotes venous stasis orthostatic hypotension risk of thrombus format