ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2024 ACTUAL EXAM ,WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS |ALREADY GRADED A+

ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2024 ACTUAL EXAM ,WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS |ALREADY GRADED A+ What is a protective and complex phenomenon composed of sensory experiences (time, space, intensity), emotion, cognition, and motivation? - ANSWER-Pain Portion of the nervous system responsible for sensation and perception of pain can be divided into 3 areas: - ANSWER-A: Afferent pathways B interpretive centers in the brainstem, midbrain & diencephalon C: descending pathways from the brain to the dorsal horn of spinal cord. Nociceptors are pain receptors that detect a wide range of stimuli and respond to: - ANSWER-Chemical, mechanical, and thermal stimulation The afferent system is: - ANSWER-Composed of nociceptors the dorsal horn of the spinal column (second-order neurons) and afferent neurons in the Aδ and C fibers (first-order neurons);spinothalamic tract (third-order neurons). Myelinated Aδ receptor transmission is - ANSWER-Fast and conveys mechanical and thermal localized pain. Unmyelinated polymodal C fiber transmission is: - ANSWER-Slower and conveys sharp, diffuse burning and aching sensations These primary-order neurons terminate on second-order neurons. - ANSWER- Three classes of second-order neurons modulate pain transmission: - ANSWER-projection cells, excitatory interneurons and inhibitory interneurons. The second-order neurons are located: - ANSWER-in the spinal cord laminae The second-order neurons function as - ANSWER-a pain gate to regulate pain transmission. Second-order neurons cross over the cord and ascend primarily in - ANSWER-the lateral the spinothalamic tract to projection centers including the thalamus reticular formation, and PAG matter.