CPNRE : Pharmacology Questions and Answers(A+ Solution guide)

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) - Answer-1. Antipyretic 2. Analgesic *Can cause liver damage in excessive amounts or known liver disease ASA (EC ASA) - Answer-1. Anti-inflammatory 2. Anti-pyretic 3. Analgesic **do not administer in children under 12 years of age = Rye's Syndrome*** **can cause bleeding tendencies** **baby ASA-preventative for heart disease** Amlodipine - Answer-Ca Channel blocker (decrease BP, heart rate) *may cause gingival hyperplasia Atenolol and other "olol" - Answer-Beta blocker (decreases BP, heart rate) **teach patient to rise slowly-orthostatic hypotension** Atorvastatin, Simvastatin (Zocor) - Answer-cholesterol lowering drugs ***need to be given in evenings as that is when cholesterol is manufactured the greatest*** **watch liver enzymes** calcium carbonate - Answer-calcium supplement **watch calcium levels** Carbamazepine (Tegretol) - Answer-Anticonvulsant **decreases CNS excitement** Watch for CNS depression!!!Cefazolin (Ancef) - Answer-"anti-Infectives" Antibiotic *Adverse effects-GI signs & symptoms Dalteparin Sodium (Fragmin) - Answer-Anticoagulant (LMWH) Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) - Answer-Narcotic analgesic **used for moderate to severe pain** Watch for signs and symptoms of CNS depression Histamine 2 Antagonist (H2 blocker) - Answer-Inhibits release of histamine, which reduces gastric acids Treatment for GERD, PUD Glyburide (Metformin) - Answer-oral hypoglycemic agent **must check AQ check/blood sugar prior to administration** **watch for S&S of hypoglycemia** Furosemide (Lasix) - Answer-Loop diuretic Decrease blood volume **watch for signs of dehydration and "hypokalemia** **should be administered in morning** Ferrous Gluconate (IRON) - Answer-May cause black tarry stools, constipation **check hgb levels** Given for anemia (IRON cont.)**should be taken with straw if in liquid preparation**-stains teeth *can cause GI upset, therefore taken with meals Dimenhydrinate (Gravol) - Answer--Class: Antiemetic-EMS Indications: Nausea and vomiting as a result of vertigo, motion sickness, and narcotic administration -Adult Dosage: 50 mg SIVP/IM Repeat: q 4 hours Patients 65 years of age or older, 25 mg SIVP/IM q 15 minutes to a total maximum of 50 mg Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramine, or propylene glycol; Narrow angle glaucoma; Patients who have ingested large quantities of depressants (including alcohol) *Preferred antiemetic in treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with vertigo or motion sickness **Monitor patient carefully - goal is to provide symptom management without overmedicating Administer IM injections in the lateral quad (vastus lateralis) muscle Diltiazem Cardizem - Answer-Ca channel blocker TX: Hypertension Docusate Sodium—(colace) - Answer-stool softener Digoxin (Lanoxin) - Answer-Anti-Arrhythmic, cardiac glycoside **Apical heart rate is to be taken for one full minute If less than 60—hold med. Contact doctor/prescriber Dexamethasone (Decadron) - Answer-Corticosteroid—decrease inflammation **careful for adverse effects: "cushings-like" Can cause IMMUNOSUPPRESSION --protect from infections-- MUST BE WEANED!!!