Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 5: The Integumentary System Questions and Answers Rated A+

Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 5: The Integumentary System Questions and Answers Rated A+ Functions of skin Protection, Thermoregulation, Cutaneous Sensation, Vitamin D synthesis, Blood Reservoir, Excretion and Absorption. Protective elements of skin Keratin, Lipids, Glandular Secretions, Melanin Thermoregulation Controls internal temp Vitamin D synthesis You need Vitamin D to absorb calcium Epidermis Superficial layer of skin. Avascular. 4 different cell types (Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Langerhans cells, merkel cells) Keratinocytes 90% of cells. Keratin Melanocytes 8% of cells. Melanin (Pigments and absorb uv radiation. Langerhans Cells Immune function Merkel cells Touch Layers of skin (Superficial to deep) Epidermis, Dermis Epidermal Layers (deep to superficial) Stratum Basale, Stratum spinosum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum lucidum, Stratum corneum. Stratum Basale Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Langerhans cells and Merkel cells are here. Deepest layer, and mitosis occurs. Stratum Spinosum Keratinocytes and Langerhans cells are here. Production of melanocytes here. Stratum granulosum Lamellar granules, apoptosis occurs here. Stratum lucidum Present only in thick skin Stratum corneum Keratin, and continuously shed (Outermost layer) Dermis Deep layer, Beneath epidermis, Vascular, LAyers: Papillary and reticular Papillary Layer Areolar connective tissue, Dermal papillae (finger like projections) Reticular layer Thickest layer, dense and irregular connective tissue Hypodermis Not apart of skin Skin color Hemoglobin, Cerotene, Melanin Hemoglobin Pigment in Red blood cells that carry oxygen. Oxygen in blood positively correlates with blood in area. Carotene Ingested- accumulates in stratum corneum. Color: Orangish yellow. Melanin Only pigment synthesized in skin. Freckles are bunches of melanocytes. Albinism Not capable of producing melanin Vitiligo Loss of melanocytes in patches of skin Function of Hair Protection, light touches Anatomy of Hair Shaft, root, hair bulb, hair papilla, matrix, arrector pilli muscle. Shaft of hair (Inside skin layer) Medulla, Cortex, Cuticle Root of hair Medulla, cortex, cuticle, (Outer hair part) Internal root sheath, external root sheath, dermal root sheath(Dermis) Hair Follicle Surrounds root Alopecia Condition characterized by the rapid onset of hair loss in a sharply defined area. Cause by genetics, endocrine disorder, chemo, or stress. Skin exocrine glands Sebaceous Glands, Sudoriferous gland, Apocrine gland, ceruminous gland Seabaceous gland Simple acinar, holocrine, duct opens into hair follicle. Secrete sebum. Sebum Prevents hair from drying out, keeps skin soft and pliable, prevents excessive evaporation of water. Sudoriferous(Sweat) glands Merocrine and ceruminous and apocrine glands Merocrine (Eccrine) Gland Simple tubular, found in palms, soles, and forehead, duct terminates on epidermis. Watery secretion, that regulates boy temp and does waste removal. Apocrine(sweat) gland Simple tubular, found in armpit and genital regions. Secretions are viscous (functions at puberty and stimulated during stress or sexual arousal). Ceruminous (Wax) Gland Simple tubular, merocrine, found in external auditory meatus (Ear). Excretes cerumen Cerumen Sticky barrier that stop the entrance of foreign bodies into ear. Nails Tightly packer keratinized cells Nail body Visible portion of nail. (from distal to proximal) Free Edge, Nail body, Luluna, Eponychium, Nail root (None visible). Lunula is white (Thickened stratum basale) Nail root Under skin Eponychium Cuticle Burns 1st, 2nd and 3rd degree burns. Tissue damage cause by extreme heat. First degree burn Hurts epidermis. Sunburn Second Degree Burn Damage dermis and hurt epidermis. blistering. Third degree burn Damage everything- need a skin graf. Charing Rule of nines ID the depth and severity of a burn