Psych 350 Exam 2 (Umass Amherst) –
Questions/Answers
Reflexes present at birth ✔️Ans - Rooting, Moro, Swimming, Grasp, Tonic
Rooting Reflex ✔️Ans - Stroke cheek with finger --> baby will turn and try
to put it in its mouth
Moro Reflex ✔️Ans - Pretend you are going to drop the baby --> Baby will
stretch its arms and legs out
Swimming Reflex ✔️Ans - Atomic swimming motion and holding breathe
when it water
Grasp Reflex ✔️Ans - Stimulate palm --> baby grabs what is in palm
(longest was 38 seconds)
tonic reflex ✔️Ans - turning head to one side. Infant extends the arm and
leg on that side and flexes the arm and leg on other side.
primitive ✔️Ans - Serves no obvious physical need and goes away in time
(rooting)
survival reflexes ✔️Ans - Breathing, blinking, swallowing, sucking
Cultural Difference in sitting ✔️Ans - Children on the ground and in adult
furniture learn to sit (5 weeks earlier) and walk ( 3 weeks earlier) than
infants who are in strollers and carriers. Africa VS US
Cultural Difference in Crawling (China) ✔️Ans - Babies in china are
restricted from crawling for hygienic purposes
Cultural Differences in Crawling (Paraguay) ✔️Ans - Mothers hold their
babies for first 3 years of life for safety concerns.
Motor Development in Africa ✔️Ans - Mothers preform motor excersises
to promote development
, Affect of diapers ✔️Ans - Slow motor development
Reaching Progression ✔️Ans - Not born with it
Develops by 7 months
Anticipatory reaching by 10 months
--> Better with feet
Does training and age increase reaching development? ✔️Ans - Yes (Mitt
Experiment)
Locomotion Progression ✔️Ans - Babies are able to move around on their
own by 7/8 months. They can walk independently by 10 - 12 months
dynamic systems theory ✔️Ans - development is a self-organizing
process, new forms of behavior emerge through consistent interactions
between a biological ,cultural and environmental contexts
Example of Dynamic Systems theory ✔️Ans - Babies walking down a rigid
piece of plywood learn to revert to crawling in order to get across.
Interpretation of Dynamic Systems theory ✔️Ans - Actions such as
crawling, walking , etc attribute to cognitive development. (Ex. reaching
helps babies categorize things better)
Baby Chick study ✔️Ans - Eye-hand coordination relies on muscle growth
and exercise. Chicks learned to peck more controlled through trial and
error after 4 days
Cat study ✔️Ans - Eye-hand coordination needs to be paired with visual
input for typical motor development to occur. Only the active cats
responded to environmental stimuli
Active Experiences ✔️Ans - free-will to move, increases progression of
motor development
Passive Experiences ✔️Ans - Restricted from movement. Lack of
peripheral cues and delayed motor development
Questions/Answers
Reflexes present at birth ✔️Ans - Rooting, Moro, Swimming, Grasp, Tonic
Rooting Reflex ✔️Ans - Stroke cheek with finger --> baby will turn and try
to put it in its mouth
Moro Reflex ✔️Ans - Pretend you are going to drop the baby --> Baby will
stretch its arms and legs out
Swimming Reflex ✔️Ans - Atomic swimming motion and holding breathe
when it water
Grasp Reflex ✔️Ans - Stimulate palm --> baby grabs what is in palm
(longest was 38 seconds)
tonic reflex ✔️Ans - turning head to one side. Infant extends the arm and
leg on that side and flexes the arm and leg on other side.
primitive ✔️Ans - Serves no obvious physical need and goes away in time
(rooting)
survival reflexes ✔️Ans - Breathing, blinking, swallowing, sucking
Cultural Difference in sitting ✔️Ans - Children on the ground and in adult
furniture learn to sit (5 weeks earlier) and walk ( 3 weeks earlier) than
infants who are in strollers and carriers. Africa VS US
Cultural Difference in Crawling (China) ✔️Ans - Babies in china are
restricted from crawling for hygienic purposes
Cultural Differences in Crawling (Paraguay) ✔️Ans - Mothers hold their
babies for first 3 years of life for safety concerns.
Motor Development in Africa ✔️Ans - Mothers preform motor excersises
to promote development
, Affect of diapers ✔️Ans - Slow motor development
Reaching Progression ✔️Ans - Not born with it
Develops by 7 months
Anticipatory reaching by 10 months
--> Better with feet
Does training and age increase reaching development? ✔️Ans - Yes (Mitt
Experiment)
Locomotion Progression ✔️Ans - Babies are able to move around on their
own by 7/8 months. They can walk independently by 10 - 12 months
dynamic systems theory ✔️Ans - development is a self-organizing
process, new forms of behavior emerge through consistent interactions
between a biological ,cultural and environmental contexts
Example of Dynamic Systems theory ✔️Ans - Babies walking down a rigid
piece of plywood learn to revert to crawling in order to get across.
Interpretation of Dynamic Systems theory ✔️Ans - Actions such as
crawling, walking , etc attribute to cognitive development. (Ex. reaching
helps babies categorize things better)
Baby Chick study ✔️Ans - Eye-hand coordination relies on muscle growth
and exercise. Chicks learned to peck more controlled through trial and
error after 4 days
Cat study ✔️Ans - Eye-hand coordination needs to be paired with visual
input for typical motor development to occur. Only the active cats
responded to environmental stimuli
Active Experiences ✔️Ans - free-will to move, increases progression of
motor development
Passive Experiences ✔️Ans - Restricted from movement. Lack of
peripheral cues and delayed motor development
