Indiana Core Exam - Government and Citizenship Questions with Answers (All Answers Correct)

Government - Answer-The formal vehicle through which policies are made and affairs of state are conducted. Citizen - Answer-Member of the political community to whom certain rights and obligations are attached. Politics - Answer-The study of who gets what, when and how; or how policy decisions are made. European Union - Answer-An association of European nations formed for the purpose of achieving political and economic integration. Aristotle's Classification of Government - Answer-Who participates, who governs, and how much authority those who govern have. Monarchy - Answer-A form of government in which power is vested in hereditary kings and queens who govern in the interest of all. Totalitarianism - Answer-A form of government in which power resides in a leader who rules according to self-interest and without regards for individual rights and liberties. Oligarchy - Answer-A form of government in which the right to participate is conditioned on the possession of wealth, social status, military position, or achievement. Democracy - Answer-A system of government that gives power to the people, whether directly or through elected representatives. Enlightenment - Answer-Heightened ideas in philosophy and science. Focused on humanity, these ideas radically changed people's views on government. Mayflower Compact - Answer-Document setting up the pilgrims' new government. Took the form of a social contract.Social Contract Theory - Answer-The belief that people are free and equal by god-given right and that this, in turn, requires that all people give their consent to be governed; espoused by John Locke and influential in the writing of the Declaration of Independence. Thomas Hobbes () - Answer-English theorist - argued that individuals were free and equal by natural right. Negative view of humanity. Leviathan (1651) - Answer-A treatise on government theory that states Hobbes' vies on humanity and citizen. Commonly described as a book about politics, but also about religion and moral philosophy. Hobbes argued that humanity's natural state was one of war. Government is necessary to keep people in line. John Locke - Answer-Theorist that argued that the government's major responsibility was the preservation of private property. He rejected the idea of divine right, and said that no king had the authority to void natural rights. People form governments in order to preserve life, liberty, and property, as well as assure justice.