Biology; Macromolecules LATEST EDITION 2024 AID GRADE A+

What are the four Macromolecules? Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids The Monomer of Carbohydrates Monosaccharides (Galactose, Glucose or Fructose) The Monomer of Proteins Amino Acids The Monomer of Nucleic Acids Nucleotides The Monomer of Lipids Glycerol and Fatty Acid Chains (2-3) The Function of Carbohydrates Short-term or immediate Energy Source The Function of Lipids Long-term Energy Source The Function of Nucleic Acids Store and Transmit your Genetic Information The Function of Proteins 1. Controls the Rates of Reactions 2. Fights Diseases 3. Forms Cell Structures 4. Regulates Cell Processes 5. Transports stuff In/Out of the Cell Examples of Carbohydrates Monosaccharides - Glucose, Fructose Disaccharides Polysaccharides monosaccharides glucose, fructose disaccharides examples sucrose (glucose + fructose) maltose (glucose + glucose) lactose (galactose + glucose) examples of polysaccharides glycogen, starch, and cellulose Examples of Lipids Fats, Oils, Waxes, Lipid Steroids (cholesterol), triglycerides, phospholipids Examples of Proteins Enzymes, Hormones, Antibodies, Hemoglobin, Collagen, keratin Examples of Nucleic Acids DNA and RNA organic a molecule that contains carbon hydrogen bonds Four groups of organic molecules Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids 1.A. What are the major elements of life? Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and nitrogen. 1.B. What properties of carbon explain carbon's ability to different large and complex structures? Carbon can bond to itself, has 4 valence electrons, causing strong covalent bonds to occur between carbon and another element. 2.A. Name four groups of organic compounds found in living things. Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. 2.B. Describe at least one function of each group of organic compound. Carbohydrates: main source of energy for plants and animals; proteins: regulation of cellular transportation of materials, cellular processes, formation of structures, and anti-bodies; lipids: storage of energy; storage or transmission of genetic information. 2.C. Why are proteins considered polymers but lipids not? Proteins have long chains of monomers, but lipids do NOT made up of components that make up a chain. 3.A. What atoms constitute the compound above? Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. 3.B. What class of macromolecule does the compound belong to? Carbohydrates dehydration synthesis forms polymers and a water molecule hydrolysis Divides a polymer into monomers through the addition of water Where do macromolecules get energy? macromolecules get energy from bonds polymer result of many monomers linking together (protein or peptide and amino acids or polypeptide) What makes up proteins? polymers made of amino acids (50-500 chains long) amino acid is also known as a...? peptide or protein What are nucleic acids made up of? hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus monomer single molecule; small chemical unit that makes up a polymer 2 monosaccharides