Sociology 100 Purdue Exam 2 Questions and Answers 100% Pass

Sociology 100 Purdue Exam 2 Questions and Answers 100% Pass Why did Simmel pay so much attention to the size of social groups? We can infer how members of a social group will behave based on the size of the group. What are some special characteristics of dyads? need both members to exist guided by reciprocity hard to keep secrets no larger group to exhibit control Characteristics of a tryad group not dependent on any one member group holds supra individual power power politics enter the picture Mediator ex. New baby makes parents work together The one who rejoices from disagreement ex. kid gets extra allowance/more attention when parents are divorced divide et impera ex. parent trap Transitivity when all those in a relationship know each other high transitivity deeply embedded in one group low transitivity friends with people from lots of different groups, acting as a bridge small group face to face, unifocal, informal, equality Party face to face, multifocal, informal Large group could be face to face, multifocal, formal Is a fraternity a primary or secondary group? Secondary, because they pay dues and replace their members each year embeddedness the degree to which relationships are reinforced through indirect paths within the social network Weak tie not reinforced by indirect connections institutional isomorphism the reason why so many businesses that evolve in very different ways still end up with such similar organizational structure Social cohesion People form bonds, relate to each other, get along, and follow social norms What theory of deviance would be most useful in describing why a drill sergeant might like to have a couple troublemakers under his control? Functionalism What are the two basic foundations for solidarity? Informal social sanctions, formal social control Strain theory When someone fails to recognize or accept socially appropriate goals/means they become socially deviant. People feel strain when they are unable to achieve cultural goals through culturally appropriate means Labeling theory People see how they are labeled and accept it as true. They act in a way that they feel someone with their label would behave. Broken windows theory Social context and social cues affect the way people behave innovator rejects means, accepts goals conformer accepts goals and means ritualist accepts means, rejects goals retreatest rejects means and goals rebel new goals, new means Stratification persistent inequalities in pay between individuals caste system based on religion and heredity no social mobility class system Allows mobility between vague classes estate system based on laws that dictate rights and duties and limit social mobility intra-generational mobility individuals are born at one level but end up at another later in life inter-generational mobility individuals are on different levels than their parents absolute mobility the percentage of people who move relative to a fixed point relative mobility the percentage of people who move relative to other people wright's elaboration of the two-class model People can occupy two locations in the class structure that fall between two pure class locations ex. managers Marxist perspective of mobility place an individual in a particular group, that has a particular set of interests that oppose the interests of another group Weber's view of class Class is a group that has common opportunities available to it in the marketplace. What distinguishes members of a class is that they have similar value in the commercial marketplace in terms of selling their property/labor. Why would a sorority qualify as a status group according to Weber? Status groups are communities united by either a positive or negative social estimation of their honor. sex the biological differences that distinguish male and females gender a social construct involving social arrangements that are built around sex sexuality desire, sexual preference, sexual identity, and behavior examples supporting gender/sexuality as a continuum Circumcision gone wrong led to invagination surgery which led to suicide. Chemical boundaries are not rigid Provide examples to show how sex, gender, and sexuality are created and re-enforced through socialization and interaction. Teachers treat boys and girls differently and have different expectations for them. Textbooks and other materials used in schools often reinforce gender stereotypes patriarchy almost universal domination of femininity by masculinity why is gender a multi-level structure? (earnings) Gender and its consequences for earnings are: individual (internalize by socialization etc.) interactional (through norms, expectations) institutional (hiring, raises, promotions, law