TEST BANK& INSTRUCTOR’S MANUAL FOR Essentials of Organizational Behaviour Third Canadian Edition

TEST BANK& INSTRUCTOR’S MANUAL FOR Essentials of Organizational Behaviour Third Canadian Edition Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. TEST BANK& INSTRUCTOR’S MANUAL Umair Shah University of Waterloo Essentials of Organizational Behaviour Third Canadian Edition Stephen P. Robbins San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge University of Notre Dame Katherine E. Breward University of Winnipeg Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. ISBN 978-0-13-7317813 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc., Toronto, Ontario. All rights reserved. This work is protected by Canadian copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching their courses and assessing student learning. Dissemination or sale of any part of this work (including on the Internet) will destroy the integrity of the work and is not permitted. The copyright holder grants permission to instructors who have adopted Essentials of Organizational Behaviour by Robbins/Judge/Breward, to post this material online only if the use of the website is restricted by access codes to students in the instructor’s class that is using the textbook and provided the reproduced material bears this copyright notice. Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Contents Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 What Is Organizational Behaviour? Organizational Culture Diversity in Organizations Attitudes, Emotions, Moods, and Stress Management Personality and Values Perception and Individual Decision Making Motivation Foundations of Group Behaviour Understanding Work Teams Communication Leadership Power and Politics Conflict and Negotiation Organizational Change 1-1 2-1 3-1 4-1 5-1 6-1 7-1 8-1 9-1 10-1 11-1 12-1 13-1 14-1 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Essentials of Organizational Behaviour, Third Canadian Edition (Robbins) Chapter 01: What Is Organizational Behaviour? Multiple Choice Questions 1. Until the late 1980s, business school curricula emphasized the aspects of management. A) ethical B) people C) technical D) human E) global Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 01-1-01 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.1 Define organizational behaviour and discuss why the interpersonal skills learned through its study are important Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: C) technical 2. Which of the following is a reason why business schools have begun to include classes on organizational behaviour? A) to increase manager effectiveness in organizations B) to help human resource departments layoff employees C) to undermine organizations' consulting needs D) to challenge workers E) to reduce organizations' profits Difficulty: 3 QuestionID: 01-1-02 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.1 Define organizational behaviour and discuss why the interpersonal skills learned through its study are important. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: A) to increase manager effectiveness in organizations 3. There is a connection between companies which have behaviour principles. A) high turnover rates B) specialized technical processes C) superior employee performance D) long-lasting CEOs E) all of the above and the incorporation of organizational 1 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 01-1-03 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.1 Define organizational behaviour and discuss why the interpersonal skills learned through its study are important. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: C) superior employee performance 4. is the study of the impact that individuals, groups, and structures have on behaviour within organizations. A) Leadership B) Organizational strategy C) Performance management D) Employee relations E) Organizational behaviour Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 01-1-04 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.1 Define organizational behaviour and discuss why the interpersonal skills learned through its study are important. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: E) Organizational behaviour 5. What are the three primary determinants of behaviour in organizations? A) profit structure, organizational complexity, and job satisfaction B) individuals, profit structure, and job satisfaction C) individuals, groups, and job satisfaction D) groups, structure, and profit structure E) individuals, groups, and structure Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-1-05 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.1 Define organizational behaviour and discuss why the interpersonal skills learned through its study are important. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: E) individuals, groups, and structure 6. Which of the following is not a topic or concern related to OB? A) turnover B) leader behaviour C) productivity 2 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. D) management E) family behaviour Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 01-1-06 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.1 Define organizational behaviour and discuss why the interpersonal skills learned through its study are important. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: E) family behaviour 7. Which of the following is not a core topic of organizational behaviour? A) motivation B) attitude development C) conflict D) resource allocation E) work design Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-1-07 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.1 Define organizational behaviour and discuss why the interpersonal skills learned through its study are important. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: D) resource allocation 8. Betty believes that it is best to take the casual or common sense approach to reading others. She needs to remember that . A) the casual approach is nonsensical, and should be avoided as much as possible B) the systematic approach and the casual approach are one and the same C) laboratory experiments on human behaviour often result in unreliable findings D) the casual or common sense approach to reading others can often lead to erroneous predictions E) behaviour is unpredictable, hence there is no accurate way to analyze it Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 01-1-08 Skill: Application Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.2 Assess the importance of using a scientific approach to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: D) the casual or common sense approach to reading others can often lead to erroneous predictions 9. In order to predict human behaviour, it is best to supplement your intuitive opinions with information derived in what fashion? 3 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. A) common sense B) direct observation C) systematic study D) speculation E) organizational theory Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 01-1-09 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.2 Assess the importance of using a scientific approach to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: C) systematic study 10. Which of the following explains the usefulness of the systematic approach to the study of organizational behaviour? A) Human behaviour does not vary a great deal between individuals and situations. B) Human behaviour is not random. C) Human behaviour is not consistent. D) Human behaviour is rarely predictable. E) Human behaviour is often not sensible. Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-1-10 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.2 Assess the importance of using a scientific approach to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: B) Human behaviour is not random. 11. Which of the following problems would an OB study be least likely to focus on? A) an increase in absenteeism at a certain company B) a fall in productivity in one shift of a manufacturing plant C) a decrease in sales due to growing foreign competition D) an increase in theft by employees at a retail store E) excessive turnover among volunteer workers at a nonprofit organization Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-1-11 Skill: Application Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.3 Identify the major behavioural science disciplines that contribute to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: C) a decrease in sales due to growing foreign competition 12. Analyzing relationships, determining causes and effects, and basing conclusions on scientific evidence 4 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. all constitute aspects of study. A) organizational B) intuitive C) theoretical D) systematic E) case-based Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 01-1-12 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.3 Identify the major behavioural science disciplines that contribute to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: D) systematic 13. Which of the following terms means looking at relationships, attempting to attribute causes and effects, and basing conclusions on scientific evidence? A) organizational behaviour B) scientific study C) evidence-based management D) big data E) social science Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-1-13 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.3 Identify the major behavioural science disciplines that contribute to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: B) scientific study 14. Janet needs to assign a very important advertising account to one of her writers. First she reviewed each writer's work load, then she studied the sales data of the products for the last three campaigns of each writer, then she reviewed each writer's annual review to familiarize herself with their goals. Finally, she gave the account to Paula, a very creative, efficient writer who has had high sales results with her last three clients' products. Janet's management style is based on . A) intuition or "gut feeling" B) organizational behavioural studies C) subjective assessments D) preconceived notions E) scientific study Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-1-14 Skill: Application Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking 5 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Objective: 1.3 Identify the major behavioural science disciplines that contribute to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: E) scientific study 15. Basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific support is called . A) intuition B) organizational process C) organizational behaviour D) evidence-based management E) conceptual management Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 01-1-15 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.3 Identify the major behavioural science disciplines that contribute to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: D) evidence-based management 16. Which of the following argues that managers should search for the best available knowledge and apply the relevant information when answering a managerial question? A) scientific study B) systems approach C) conceptual management D) evidence-based management E) contingency theory Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-1-16 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.3 Identify the major behavioural science disciplines that contribute to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: D) evidence-based management 17. "Big data" has been recently applied to making effective decisions and . A) managing human resources B) creation of surveys C) decreasing online sales D) marketing campaigns E) none of the above Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 01-1-17 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking 6 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Objective: 1.3 Identify the major behavioural science disciplines that contribute to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: A) managing human resources 18. Which of the following involves the extensive use of statistical compilation and analysis for making effective decisions and managing human resources? A) "big data" B) evidence-based management C) social science D) political science E) neuroscience Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-1-18 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.3 Identify the major behavioural science disciplines that contribute to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: A) "big data" 19. Austin is a graduate student helping to organize a study on individual job satisfaction. The study focuses on the top five causes of satisfaction or dissatisfaction on a job. His department is surveying 200 individuals in 100 different types of organizations. Austin is most likely a graduate student in the department of . A) psychology B) anthropology C) political science D) social psychology E) archaeology Difficulty: 3 QuestionID: 01-1-19 Skill: Application Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.3 Identify the major behavioural science disciplines that contribute to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: A) psychology 20. Which behavioural science discipline is most focused on understanding individual behaviour? A) sociology B) social psychology C) psychology D) anthropology E) organizational behaviour Difficulty: 1 7 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. QuestionID: 01-1-20 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.3 Identify the major behavioural science disciplines that contribute to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: C) psychology 21. Psychology's major contributions to the field of organizational behaviour have been primarily at what level of analysis? A) the level of the group B) the level of the individual C) the level of the organization D) the level of culture E) the level of interacting groups Difficulty: 3 QuestionID: 01-1-21 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.3 Identify the major behavioural science disciplines that contribute to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: B) the level of the individual 22. is a science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behaviour of humans and other animals. A) Psychiatry B) Psychology C) Sociology D) Political science E) Organizational behaviour Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 01-1-22 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.3 Identify the major behavioural science disciplines that contribute to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: B) Psychology 23. You are bringing together faculty from different behavioural disciplines to author a new textbook in organizational behaviour. Represented are professors from psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, political science, and industrial engineering. Which faculty member should furnish information about personality, learning, and motivation? A) the sociologist B) the psychologist C) the anthropologist 8 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. D) the political scientist E) the industrial engineer Difficulty: 3 QuestionID: 01-1-23 Skill: Application Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.3 Identify the major behavioural science disciplines that contribute to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: B) the psychologist 24. The science of or group. was developed by applying general concepts to a particular situation, person, A) organizational behaviour B) anthropology C) psychology D) sociology E) social psychology Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 01-1-24 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.3 Identify the major behavioural science disciplines that contribute to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: A) organizational behaviour 25. You are bringing together faculty from different behavioural disciplines to author a new textbook in organizational behaviour. Represented are professors from psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, political science, and industrial engineering. Which professor out of this group would you expect to address issues on communication? A) the psychologist B) the anthropologist C) the political scientist D) the social psychologist E) the industrial engineer Difficulty: 3 QuestionID: 01-1-25 Skill: Application Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.3 Identify the major behavioural science disciplines that contribute to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: D) the social psychologist 26. Group behaviour, power, and conflict are central areas of study for . 9 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. A) archaeologists B) philanthropists C) anthropologists D) social psychologists E) operations analysts Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 01-1-26 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.3 Identify the major behavioural science disciplines that contribute to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: D) social psychologists 27. one another. blends concepts from psychology and sociology and focuses on the influence people have on A) Corporate strategy B) Anthropology C) Political science D) Social psychology E) Archaeology Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 01-1-27 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.3 Identify the major behavioural science disciplines that contribute to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: D) Social psychology 28. Jude is a social psychologist. He is working on a concept in social psychology, which is a major study area, and learning how to implement it and how to reduce barriers to its acceptance. Jude is studying the concept of . A) culture B) ethics C) power D) change E) fatigue Difficulty: 3 QuestionID: 01-1-28 Skill: Application Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.3 Identify the major behavioural science disciplines that contribute to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: D) change 10 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. 29. You are bringing together faculty from different behavioural disciplines to author a new textbook in organizational behaviour. Represented are professors from psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, political science, and industrial engineering. You should expect that the faculty member from will probably contribute information about large-scale group behaviour. A) sociology B) psychology C) social psychology D) anthropology E) industrial engineering Difficulty: 3 QuestionID: 01-1-29 Skill: Application Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.3 Identify the major behavioural science disciplines that contribute to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: A) sociology 30. Difficulty: 3 focuses on the study of people in relation to their social environment. A) Psychology B) Sociology C) Corporate strategy D) Political science E) Operations management QuestionID: 01-1-30 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.3 Identify the major behavioural science disciplines that contribute to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: B) Sociology 31. Which field of study has contributed to OB through its research on organizational culture and formal organization theory and structure? A) psychology B) operations management C) corporate strategy D) political science E) sociology Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 01-1-31 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking 11 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Objective: 1.3 Identify the major behavioural science disciplines that contribute to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: E) sociology 32. Which field of study has helped us understand differences in fundamental values, attitudes, and behaviour between people in different countries and within different organizations? A) anthropology B) corporate strategy C) political science D) operations research E) psycholinguistics Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-1-32 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.3 Identify the major behavioural science disciplines that contribute to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: A) anthropology 33. Myriam is analyzing the gender roles of men and women in management in Canada and comparing them to the gender roles in management in Japan. She is surveying fifty male and fifty female managers in each country to compare their daily behaviour. Myriam's study exemplifies how contributes to OB. A) anthropology B) psychology C) archaeology D) political science E) corporate strategy Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-1-33 Skill: Application Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.3 Identify the major behavioural science disciplines that contribute to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: A) anthropology 34. The subject of organizational culture has been most influenced by which behavioural science discipline? A) anthropology B) psychology C) social psychology D) political science E) corporate strategy 12 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 01-1-34 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.3 Identify the major behavioural science disciplines that contribute to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: A) anthropology 35. Which field of study provides insight into the distribution of power and resources, and how those distribution decisions are influenced? A) social psychology B) sociology C) anthropology D) political science E) psychology Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 01-1-35 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.3 Identify the major behavioural science disciplines that contribute to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: D) political science 36. Which group of researchers study the government regulation of industry, strategic mergers and acquisitions, and public relations? A) psychologists B) sociologists C) political scientists D) anthropologists E) behavioural scientists Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 01-1-36 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.3 Identify the major behavioural science disciplines that contribute to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: C) political scientists 37. Which field of study explores the structure and function of the human nervous system and brain? A) social psychology B) sociology C) anthropology D) political science E) neuroscience 13 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 01-1-37 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.3 Identify the major behavioural science disciplines that contribute to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: E) neuroscience 38. Which field of study has recently begun contributing to OB by studying such topics as the impact of hormone levels on risk-taking in business contexts and the influence of pheromones on team behaviours? A) social psychology B) sociology C) anthropology D) political science E) neuroscience Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-1-38 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.3 Identify the major behavioural science disciplines that contribute to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: E) neuroscience 39. What is the major contribution of the Hawthorne studies that were conducted between 1924 and 1932 at Hawthorne Electrical Company? A) helping develop the concept of bounded rationality B) discovering the influence of the broader environment on management practice C) making understanding of culture and change more immediately relevant to management research D) offering new insights about optimizing the effectiveness of diversity management programs E) helping launch an entire area of study devoted to motivation and teams Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-1-39 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.3 Identify the major behavioural science disciplines that contribute to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: E) helping launch an entire area of study devoted to motivation and teams 40. Organizational behaviour is constructed from all of the following disciplines except A) physics B) psychology C) anthropology D) sociology 14 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. . E) social psychology Difficulty: 3 QuestionID: 01-1-40 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.4 Explain why few absolutes apply to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: A) physics 41. OB concepts must reflect contingency conditions for all of the following reasons except A) human beings are complex B) our predictions and assumptions are almost accurate all the time C) one person's behaviour changes in different situations D) we are limited in our ability to make sweeping generalizations E) two people often act very differently in the same situation Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-1-41 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.4 Explain why few absolutes apply to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: B) our predictions and assumptions are almost accurate all the time . 42. Human beings are complex, and few, if any, simple and universal principles explain organizational behaviour. Nevertheless, it does not mean that OB cannot offer reasonably accurate explanations of human behaviour or make valid predictions. It does mean that OB concepts must . A) focus on the reliability and validity of research data B) attempt to establish cause-and-effect relationships C) be consistently applicable across a wide range of situations D) reflect situational, or contingency, conditions E) avoid assumptions Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 01-1-42 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.4 Explain why few absolutes apply to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: D) reflect situational, or contingency, conditions 43. Which of the following statements best describes contingency variables? A) They are scientific factors based on universal truths. B) They are factors that moderate the relationship between two or more events or situations. C) There is general consensus among OB researchers that they can be controlled. 15 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. D) They are the cause-and-effect principles that tend to apply to all situations that have been discovered. E) They are simple and universal principles that explain organizational behaviour. Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-1-43 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.4 Explain why few absolutes apply to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: B) They are factors that moderate the relationship between two or more events or situations. 44. Raymond is completing a study on discrimination in which he has noted that saleswomen who wear skirt suits make more sales than saleswomen who only wear pant suits. However, Raymond determined that his findings only pertained to those industries in which the purchasing decision maker is traditionally masculine. For example, the sales results were the same for all women selling to medical office managers, a female-dominated field. Raymond used his results. A) global B) general C) dependent D) non-reactive E) contingency Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-1-44 Skill: Application Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.4 Explain why few absolutes apply to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: E) contingency variables to more accurately explain 45. Munwar and Jackson both work as logistics supervisors at a successful restaurant management company. Recently, the manager for District G retired and both Munwar and Jackson have been approached about filling the position. While Munwar was excited about the possible promotion, Jackson was not interested in the position because it would require relocation and travel as well as the supervision of over 200 employees. Jackson's behaviour can be explained by . A) sociology B) big data C) organizational behaviour D) contingency variables E) interpersonal skills Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-1-45 Skill: Application Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking 16 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Objective: 1.4 Explain why few absolutes apply to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: D) contingency variables 46. Which of the following has not contributed to blurring the lines between employees' work life and personal life? A) communication technology allowing employees to work any time and from any place B) organizations asking employees to put in longer hours C) creation of flexible teams D) the increase in employees with dependent parents E) the increase in single-parent households Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-1-46 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: C) creation of flexible teams 47. Which of the following does not bring opportunities for managers to use OB concepts? A) The typical employee is getting older. B) The workforce is becoming increasingly diverse. C) Temporary workers are heavily used. D) Global competition requires employees to become more flexible. E) Employees are more educated. Difficulty: 3 QuestionID: 01-1-47 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Diverse and multicultural work environments Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: E) Employees are more educated. 48. Which of the following represents a typical organizational response to economic pressures? A) hire more people B) lay off employees C) extend employee work hours D) increase employee compensation E) enforce more strict work rules Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 01-1-48 17 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: B) lay off employees 49. The difference between good and bad management can be the difference between _ and . A) profit; loss B) employment; success C) development; deterioration D) collaboration; noncooperation E) productivity; unproductivity Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 01-1-49 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: A) profit; loss 50. Which of the following factors makes it imperative that managers be adaptive in their approaches? A) workforce diversity B) corporate excess C) truncated capacity D) advances in corporate strategy E) globalization Difficulty: 3 QuestionID: 01-1-50 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Diverse and multicultural work environments Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: E) globalization 51. Timothy works with people of various nationalities and faiths. How can he effectively manage people from different cultures? A) by adapting his management style to their differences B) by keeping a straightforward and open communication style C) by using his own motivations to guide others D) by treating everyone uniformly, regardless of their background 18 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. E) by guiding them to adapt to his management style Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-1-51 Skill: Application Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: A) by adapting his management style to their differences 52. Which one of the following is not an example of globalization? A) After years of lackluster performance, Boeing realized it needed to change its business model. B) McDonald's sells hamburgers in more than 100 countries in six continents. C) All major automobile makers now manufacture cars outside their borders. D) At Finland-based phone maker Nokia's renowned research centre in Helsinki, non-Finns now outnumber Finns. E) ExxonMobil, a so-called United States company, reported that less than 6 percent of their 2011 earnings were from gas and products sales in the United States. Difficulty: 3 QuestionID: 01-1-52 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Diverse and multicultural work environments / Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: A) After years of lackluster performance, Boeing realized it needed to change its business model. 53. Difficulty: 3 is an effect of increasing globalization. A) More expensive consumer goods B) An increase in manufacturing jobs in developed nations C) An ever increasingly homogeneous workforce D) Shared economic values among all cultures E) Jobs moving to nations with low-cost labour QuestionID: 01-1-53 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Diverse and multicultural work environments Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: E) Jobs moving to nations with low-cost labour 54. Which of the following is not an issue that managers in global organizations are experiencing? 19 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. A) increased foreign assignments B) working with people from different cultures C) overseeing movement of jobs to countries with low-cost labour D) adapting to differing cultural and regulatory norms E) managing workforce diversity Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 01-1-54 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Diverse and multicultural work environments Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: E) managing workforce diversity 55. As managers oversee the movement of jobs to countries with low-cost labour, . A) they tend to ignore the home country needs B) they must deal with strong criticism from labour groups C) they manage less diverse workforces D) they avoid markets like China and other developing nations E) they work themselves out of a job Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-1-55 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Diverse and multicultural work environments Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: B) they must deal with strong criticism from labour groups 56. is a measure of how organizations are becoming more heterogeneous in terms of gender, race, and ethnicity. A) Globalization B) Workforce diversity C) Affirmative action D) Organizational culture E) Operational homogeneity Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-1-56 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Diverse and multicultural work environments Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—MC 20 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Answer: B) Workforce diversity 57. Whereas focuses on differences among people from different countries, addresses differences among people within given countries. A) workforce diversity; globalization B) globalization; workforce diversity C) culture; diversity D) culturalization; workforce diversity E) psychology; social psychology Difficulty: 3 QuestionID: 01-1-57 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Diverse and multicultural work environments Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: B) globalization; workforce diversity 58. Which of the following statements is not true about workforce diversity? A) Disability is a category of workforce diversity. B) Managing workforce diversity presents many challenges. C) Workforce diversity focuses on differences within a country. D) Sexual orientation is a part of workforce diversity. E) Workforce diversity is a concern only in Canada. Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 01-1-58 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Diverse and multicultural work environments Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: E) Workforce diversity is a concern only in Canada. 59. Workforce diversity means that organizations are becoming more heterogeneous in terms of all of the following except . A) age B) gender C) race D) socioeconomic status E) sexual orientation Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 01-1-59 Skill: Concept 21 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Notes: AACSB—Diverse and multicultural work environments Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: D) socioeconomic status 60. Which of the following would not be considered a service employee? A) fast food counter worker B) sales clerk C) police officer D) automobile repair technician E) financial planner Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-1-60 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: C) police officer 61. The common characteristic of service jobs is that they require . A) substantial interaction with an organization's customers B) low pay C) a focus on productivity D) little job knowledge E) little technical competence Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-1-61 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: A) substantial interaction with an organization's customers 62. Which of the following is not considered a key quality of an employee in a customer-friendly culture? A) friendly and courteous B) accessible C) knowledgeable D) good computer skills E) willing to do what's necessary to please the customer Difficulty: 3 22 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. QuestionID: 01-1-62 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: D) good computer skills 63. Which of the following is the major challenge to managers in an organization that works fully remotely? A) eliminating the need for paper communication by relying entirely on e-mail, file transfers, and the like B) retaining team members who can easily move to another employer when demand for their services changes C) managing contract and temporary workers D) maintaining a "virtual office" through the use of computers, interoffice networks, and the Internet E) motivating and leading people and making collaborative decisions online Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-1-63 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: E) motivating and leading people and making collaborative decisions online 64. miles apart. allow(s) people to communicate and work together even though they may be thousands of A) Flexible cubicles B) Stratified work environments C) Decentralized communication D) Evidence-based management E) Remote or virtual organizations Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 01-1-64 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: E) Remote or virtual organizations 65. Which of the following is not an example of people who can work from home or other non-office locations? A) assembly line workers 23 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. B) systems analysts C) technical writers D) medical transcribers E) book and media editors Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-1-65 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: A) assembly line workers 66. Raul is a financial analyst who oversees the daily financial expenditures for a major big box retailer. On a typical day, Raul does not interact with other employees and only meets with his team on Monday afternoons; however, he typically has to run a report at 7:30 am and then a final report at 7:30 pm. Raul and his wife Emily have a 6-month-old son and Emily will soon be returning to work, thus requiring the couple to engage childcare. To enhance Raul's well-being at work, his manager could . A) reassign Raul to a position which requires less time B) allow Raul to completely work from home C) allow Raul to work from home four days a week D) fire Raul E) None of these ideas would enhance Raul's well-being. Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-1-66 Skill: Application Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: C) allow Raul to work from home four days a week 67. The blurring of the line between work and nonwork time has created . A) personal conflicts B) a more stable workforce C) higher pay scales for more hours worked D) dual career households E) greater job satisfaction Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 01-1-67 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their 24 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: A) personal conflicts 68. Which of the following has studied how organizations develop human strengths, foster vitality and resilience, and unlock potential? A) positive organizational behaviour B) psychology C) anthropology D) neuroscience E) sociology Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-1-68 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: A) positive organizational behaviour 69. Which of the following variables is most likely to be studied by positive OB scholars? A) engagement B) absenteeism C) turnover D) stress E) conflict Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-1-69 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: A) engagement 70. Situations where an individual is required to define right and wrong conduct are termed . A) diversity issues B) human resource problems C) ethical dilemmas D) organizational complexities E) social puzzles Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-1-70 25 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Ethical understanding and reasoning Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: C) ethical dilemmas 71. Employees today are . A) expressing increased confidence in management B) expressing increased trust in management C) increasingly certain about what constitutes appropriate ethical behaviour D) increasingly uncertain about what constitutes appropriate ethical behaviour E) less likely to engage in unethical practices Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-1-71 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Ethical understanding and reasoning Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: D) increasingly uncertain about what constitutes appropriate ethical behaviour 72. Which of the following is not an example of an ethical dilemma? A) Do I allow some employees to work from home, and not others? B) Do I offer a bribe to land a contract? C) Do I play politics to advance my career? D) Do I follow orders with which I personally disagree? E) Do I fire a whistle blower for exposing the company's wrongdoing? Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-1-72 Skill: Application Notes: AACSB—Ethical understanding and reasoning Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: A) Do I allow some employees to work from home, and not others? 73. Managers and their organizations are responding to the problem of unethical behaviour in all of the following ways except _ . A) by creating an ethically healthy climate B) by promoting a strong ethical mission C) by hiring people who can identify unethical employees and take action against them D) by encouraging employees to behave with integrity E) by providing strong leadership that can influence employee decisions to behave ethically 26 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-1-73 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Ethical understanding and reasoning Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: C) by hiring people who can identify unethical employees and take action against them 74. An ethically healthy climate . A) exists where employees confront a minimal degree of ambiguity regarding what constitutes right and wrong behaviours B) is non-existent in businesses C) seldom allows employees to do their work productively D) cannot be created by managers, but must be dictated by the organization's mission E) interferes with the actual performance of the organization Difficulty: 3 QuestionID: 01-1-74 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Ethical understanding and reasoning Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: A) exists where employees confront a minimal degree of ambiguity regarding what constitutes right and wrong behaviours 75. According to this text, organizational behaviour can be analyzed on all of the following levels except . A) outcome B) group C) organizational D) individual E) none of the above Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 01-1-75 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.6 Compare the three levels of analysis in this text's OB model. Miscellaneous: Type—MC Answer: A) outcome True or False Questions 27 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. 1. Over the last three decades, business school curricula has focused more on the technical aspects of management such as economics, accounting, finance, and quantitative techniques, and less on subjects related to human behaviour and people skills. a True b False Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 01-2-76 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.1 Define organizational behaviour [OB] and discuss why the interpersonal skills learned through its study are important. Miscellaneous: Type—TF Answer: b. False 2. Behaviour is generally unpredictable, and the systematic study of behaviour is a means to making reasonably accurate predictions. a True b False Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 01-2-77 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.2 Assess the importance of using a scientific approach to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—TF Answer: b. False 3. Intuition comes from "gut feelings" about the state of some phenomenon of interest. a True b False Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 01-2-78 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.2 Assess the importance of using a scientific approach to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—TF Answer: a. True 4. Organizational behaviour is a field of study that helps in measuring, understanding, and changing attitudes; identifying communication patterns; and building trust. It has made important contributions to the study of group behaviour, power, and conflict. a True b False 28 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 01-2-79 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.3 Identify the major behavioural science disciplines that contribute to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—TF Answer: b. False 5. Conflict and power have been major topics of concern for social psychologists. a True b False Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 01-2-80 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.3 Identify the major behavioural science disciplines that contribute to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—TF Answer: a. True 6. What psychology is to the group, sociology is to the individual. a True b False Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-2-81 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.3 Identify the major behavioural science disciplines that contribute to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—TF Answer: b. False 7. Anthropology has helped us understand differences in values and attitudes between people in different countries. a True b False Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-2-82 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.3 Identify the major behavioural science disciplines that contribute to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—TF Answer: a. True 8. OB researchers cannot offer reasonably accurate explanations of human behaviour since people act 29 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. very differently in similar situations. a True b False Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-2-83 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.4 Explain why few absolutes apply to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—TF Answer: b. False 9. In good economic conditions, understanding how to reward, satisfy, and retain employees is at a premium, however, in bad times, issues like stress, decision making, and coping come to the fore. a True b False Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-2-84 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—TF Answer: a. True 10. As the world has become more global, managers have to become capable of working with people from different cultures. a True b False Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-2-85 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Diverse and multicultural work environments Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—TF Answer: a. True 11. Workforce diversity is a topic dealing with how organizations are becoming more homogeneous in terms of gender, race, and ethnicity. a True b False Difficulty: 2 30 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. QuestionID: 01-2-86 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Diverse and multicultural work environments Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—TF Answer: b. False 12. The common characteristic of manufacturing jobs is that they require substantial interaction with an organization's customers. a True b False Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-2-87 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—TF Answer: b. False 13. Organizational behaviour principles are consistent between networked and non-networked organizations. a True b False Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-2-88 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—TF Answer: b. False 14. There's an increasing blurring between work and nonwork time. a True b False Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-2-89 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. 31 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Miscellaneous: Type—TF Answer: a. True 15. Ethical dilemmas are situations in which employees are required to identify right and wrong conduct. a True b False Difficulty: 2 QuestionID: 01-2-90 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Ethical understanding and reasoning Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—TF Answer: a. True Essay Questions 1. Describe how one of the sciences that contributes to organizational behaviour could be used in EBM. Define the science, some of the science's contributions to OB, and describe a workplace example of how it could be used in EBM. Difficulty: 3 QuestionID: 01-3-91 Skill: Synthesis Notes: AACSB—Reflective thinking Objective: 1.2 Assess the importance of using a scientific approach to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—ES Answer: Evidence-based management (EBM) complements systematic study by basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific evidence. Doctors need to make decisions about patient care based on the latest available evidence, and EBM argues that managers should do the same, becoming more scientific in how they think about management problems. For example, a manager that is struggling with high turnover in his company could look toward social psychology to help solve the problem. Social psychology, generally considered a branch of psychology, blends concepts from both psychology and sociology to focus on people's influence on one another. One major study area is change, how to implement it and how to reduce barriers to its acceptance. A manager could look at a social psychology study on job satisfaction to determine what changes he might make to be able to better retain employees. 2. Why is it important to complement intuition with systematic study in our attempts to understand behaviour within organizations? Difficulty: 3 QuestionID: 01-3-92 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.2 Assess the importance of using a scientific approach to OB. 32 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Miscellaneous: Type—ES Answer: It is important to complement intuition with systematic study in our attempts to understand behaviour within organizations in order to help uncover important facts and relationships. This will provide a base from which more accurate predictions of behaviour can be made. That is, we can improve our predictive ability by complementing intuitive opinions with a more systematic approach. Systematic study involves looking at relationships, attempting to attribute causes and effects, and basing conclusions on scientific evidence. This process helps us to explain and predict behaviour. 3. How have the fields of psychology and sociology contributed to our understanding of organizational behaviour? Difficulty: 3 QuestionID: 01-3-93 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.3 Identify the major behavioural science disciplines that contribute to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—ES Answer: Psychology seeks to measure, explain, and change the behaviour of humans. Contributions have been made by learning theorists, personality theorists, counselling psychologists, and industrial and organizational psychologists. Contributions have been made in learning, perception, personality, emotions, training, leadership effectiveness, needs and motivational forces, job satisfaction, decision-making processes, performance appraisals, attitude measurement, employee-selection techniques, work design, and job stress. Sociology studies people in relation to their social environment or culture. The greatest contributions by sociologists have been in the study of group behaviour in organizations, organizational culture, formal organization theory and structure, organizational technology, communications, power, and conflict. 4. Compare and contrast the fields of psychology, social psychology, and sociology. Difficulty: 3 QuestionID: 01-3-94 Skill: Synthesis Notes: AACSB—Reflective thinking Objective: 1.3 Identify the major behavioural science disciplines that contribute to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—ES Answer: These fields all deal with the human condition. While psychology focuses on the individual, sociology studies people in relation to their social environment or culture. Social psychology blends concepts from both psychology and sociology, though it is generally considered a branch of psychology. It focuses on people's influence on one another. Thus, it could be said that social psychology falls between the extremes of the individual focus of psychology and the large group focus of sociology. 5. Explain why there are few absolutes in organizational behaviour. Despite this, how are we able to make valid predictions? Difficulty: 3 QuestionID: 01-3-95 Skill: Concept 33 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.4 Explain why few absolutes apply to OB. Miscellaneous: Type—ES Answer: Human beings are complex, and few, if any, simple and universal principles explain organizational behaviour. Because we are not alike, our ability to make simple, accurate, and sweeping generalizations is limited. Two people often act very differently in the same situation, and the same person's behaviour changes in different situations. Not everyone is motivated by money, and people may behave differently at a religious service than they do at a party. However, we can offer reasonably accurate explanations of human behaviour or make valid predictions, provided OB concepts reflect situational, or contingency, conditions. We can say x leads to y, but only under conditions specified in z—the contingency variables. For example, OB scholars would avoid stating that everyone likes complex and challenging work (the general concept) because not everyone wants a challenging job. Some people prefer routine over varied, or simple over complex. A job attractive to one person may not be to another; its appeal is contingent on the person who holds it. 6. Explain "workforce diversity." Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 01-3-96 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Reflective thinking Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—ES Answer: Workforce diversity is a term used to describe the way that organizations are becoming more heterogeneous in terms of gender, age, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, ability, and inclusion of other diverse groups. Whereas globalization focuses on differences among people from different countries, workforce diversity addresses differences among people within a given country. 7. What are "virtual or remote organizations"? Describe the role of the manager in such organizations. Difficulty: 1 QuestionID: 01-3-97 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—ES Answer: Virtual or remoate organizations allow people to communicate and work together even though they may be thousands of miles apart. Independent contractors can telecommute via computer to workplaces around the globe and change employers as the demand for their services changes. Software programmers, graphic designers, systems analysts, technical writers, photo researchers, book and media editors, and medical transcribers are just a few examples of people who can work from home or other non-office locations. The manager's job is different in a networked organization. Motivating and leading people and making collaborative decisions online requires different techniques than when individuals are physically present in a single location. As more employees do their jobs by linking to others through networks, managers must develop new skills. OB can provide valuable insights to help with honing those skills. 34 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. 8. Explain the scope of OB in service jobs and describe its role in improving customer service. Difficulty: 3 QuestionID: 01-3-98 Skill: Concept Notes: AACSB—Diverse and multicultural work environments / Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—ES Answer: Service employees include technical support representatives, fast-food counter workers, sales clerks, nurses, automobile repair technicians, consultants, financial planners, and flight attendants. The shared characteristic of their jobs is substantial interaction with an organization's customers. OB can help managers increase the success of these interactions by showing how employee attitudes and behaviour influence customer satisfaction. Many an organization has failed because its employees failed to please customers. OB can provide considerable guidance in helping managers create customer-friendly cultures in which employees are friendly and courteous, accessible, knowledgeable, prompt in responding to customer needs, and willing to do what is necessary to please the customer. 9. What conclusions can you draw about turnover if an employer strives to find balance in work-life conflicts? How can the employer find this balance and enhance employee well-being at work? Difficulty: 3 QuestionID: 01-3-99 Skill: Synthesis Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.5 Describe the challenges and opportunities managers face when applying OB concepts in their workplaces. Miscellaneous: Type—ES Answer: Because work is constantly infringing on people's lives, some employers make efforts to find balance in the work-life conflict. For example, if a job requires a lot of travel time away from the family, when the travel assignment is done, the employer could allow the employee to work from home several days to be able to spend more time with the family. Allowing flexible schedules and complimentary time off for overtime worked gives an employee time to recuperate what was lost to work, thus increasing job satisfaction and most likely decreasing turnover. Turnover is the voluntary and involuntary permanent withdrawal from an organization. A high turnover rate results in increased recruiting, selection, and training costs—which are quite significant. Although it might appear that the employer is losing productivity by allowing flexible time and balance in work-life conflicts, he is actually increasing productivity because he isn't training new employees due to reduced turnover, and employees with high job satisfaction are more productive. 10. List and describe the three levels of analysis which comprise the OB model. Difficulty: 3 QuestionID: 01-3-100 Skill: Concept 35 Copyright © 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Notes: AACSB—Analytical Thinking Objective: 1.6 Compare the three levels of analysis in this text's OB model. Miscellaneous: Type—ES Answer: Individual—the elements of study which explore OB on the personal level, including the topics of diversity, attitudes, job satisfaction, emotions, moods, personality, values, decision making, and motivation. Group—the elements which explore th