PEDIATRIC HESI HINTS
Client safety is the hallmark of nursing. The fundamental components of nursing practice
include nursing process integrated with caring, communication, culture and spirituality, teaching
and learning as well as documentation of the integration of each of these elements. - ANS
Theories of Development: --> - ANSErikson--8 stages of development:
-Trust vs Mistrust(infancy: 1-2y)
-Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt(2-4)
-Initiative vs guilt(4-5)
-Industry vs Inferiority(5-12)
-Identity vs Role confusion(13-19)
-Intimacy Vs Isolation(20-40)
-Generativity vs. Stagnation(40-65)
-Integrity vs. Despair (65-death)
Piaget: 4 stages of cognitive Development:
-Sensorimotor period(0-2)
-Preoperational thought(2-7)
-Concrete operation(7-11)
-Formal operation(12+)
Kohlberg Moral Development:
-Naivete and Egocentrism
-Punishment-obedience orientation
-Instrumental Hedonism and Concrete Reciprocity
-Good boy or Good girl Orientation
-Personal Principle Orientation
-Universal principle Orientation
Knowledge of normal growth and development is used to evaluate interventions and therapy.
For example, what behavior would indicate that thyroid hormone therapy for a 4-month old is
effective? You must know which milestones are accomplished by a 4-month-old. One correct
answer would be: Has steady head control. --> - ANS"The baby can pick up his head & laughs
and turns from his back to his stomach"
Other:
-comforts self with thumb or pacifier
-reacts to sight of bottle or breast
-turns around when lying on stomach
-lifts head and chest when lying on stomach
-picks toy up with one hand
, -looks at and reaches for faces and toys
Use facts and principles related to growth and development in planning teaching interventions.
For example:What task could a 5-year-old child with diabetes expect to accomplish by
himself/herself? One correct answer would be to let the child choose the injection sites. This is
possible fora preschooler to do and gives the child some sense of control - ANS-Initiative vs
guilt(4-5)
-Industry vs Inferiority(5-12)
School-age children are in Erikson's stage of industry, meaning they like to do and accomplish
things. Peers are also becoming important for children of this age. - ANS
Tanner Stages of Pubertal Development: --> - ANSGirls: Breast Changes, rapid increase in
height and weight, growth of pubic hair, appearance of axillary hair, menstruation, abrupt
deceleration of linear growth
Boys: Enlargement of testicles;growth of pubic hair, axillary hair, facial hair and body hair;rapid
increase in height;changes in larynx and voice; nocturnal emissions; abrupt deceleration of
linear growth
Accidents are a major cause of death in children and adolescents. Teach parents and children
developmentally appropriate safety and accident-prevention techniques - ANS
Review of age groups: Frequently tested content areas on the NCLEX** --> - ANS-When does
birth length double: By 4 years
-When does the child sit unsupported: 8 months
-When does a child achieve 50% of adult height" by 2 years
-When does a child throw a ball overhead: 18 months
-When does a child speak 2-3 word sentences: 2 years
-When does a child use scissors: 4 years
-When does a child tie his or her shoe: 5 Years
-Be aware that a girl's growth spurt during adolescence begins earlier than a boy's(as early as
10 years of age)
-Temper tantrums are common in toddler(They are considered normal or average behavior)
-Be aware that adolescence is a time when the child forms his or her identity and that rebellion
against family values is common for this age group.
Age group's concepts of bodily injury: --> - ANS-Infants: After 6 months, their cognitive
development allows them to remember pain.
-Toddlers: They fear intrusive procedures
-Preschoolers: They fear body mutilation
-School-age children: They fear loss of control of their bodies
-Adolescents: Their major concern is change in body image
Client safety is the hallmark of nursing. The fundamental components of nursing practice
include nursing process integrated with caring, communication, culture and spirituality, teaching
and learning as well as documentation of the integration of each of these elements. - ANS
Theories of Development: --> - ANSErikson--8 stages of development:
-Trust vs Mistrust(infancy: 1-2y)
-Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt(2-4)
-Initiative vs guilt(4-5)
-Industry vs Inferiority(5-12)
-Identity vs Role confusion(13-19)
-Intimacy Vs Isolation(20-40)
-Generativity vs. Stagnation(40-65)
-Integrity vs. Despair (65-death)
Piaget: 4 stages of cognitive Development:
-Sensorimotor period(0-2)
-Preoperational thought(2-7)
-Concrete operation(7-11)
-Formal operation(12+)
Kohlberg Moral Development:
-Naivete and Egocentrism
-Punishment-obedience orientation
-Instrumental Hedonism and Concrete Reciprocity
-Good boy or Good girl Orientation
-Personal Principle Orientation
-Universal principle Orientation
Knowledge of normal growth and development is used to evaluate interventions and therapy.
For example, what behavior would indicate that thyroid hormone therapy for a 4-month old is
effective? You must know which milestones are accomplished by a 4-month-old. One correct
answer would be: Has steady head control. --> - ANS"The baby can pick up his head & laughs
and turns from his back to his stomach"
Other:
-comforts self with thumb or pacifier
-reacts to sight of bottle or breast
-turns around when lying on stomach
-lifts head and chest when lying on stomach
-picks toy up with one hand
, -looks at and reaches for faces and toys
Use facts and principles related to growth and development in planning teaching interventions.
For example:What task could a 5-year-old child with diabetes expect to accomplish by
himself/herself? One correct answer would be to let the child choose the injection sites. This is
possible fora preschooler to do and gives the child some sense of control - ANS-Initiative vs
guilt(4-5)
-Industry vs Inferiority(5-12)
School-age children are in Erikson's stage of industry, meaning they like to do and accomplish
things. Peers are also becoming important for children of this age. - ANS
Tanner Stages of Pubertal Development: --> - ANSGirls: Breast Changes, rapid increase in
height and weight, growth of pubic hair, appearance of axillary hair, menstruation, abrupt
deceleration of linear growth
Boys: Enlargement of testicles;growth of pubic hair, axillary hair, facial hair and body hair;rapid
increase in height;changes in larynx and voice; nocturnal emissions; abrupt deceleration of
linear growth
Accidents are a major cause of death in children and adolescents. Teach parents and children
developmentally appropriate safety and accident-prevention techniques - ANS
Review of age groups: Frequently tested content areas on the NCLEX** --> - ANS-When does
birth length double: By 4 years
-When does the child sit unsupported: 8 months
-When does a child achieve 50% of adult height" by 2 years
-When does a child throw a ball overhead: 18 months
-When does a child speak 2-3 word sentences: 2 years
-When does a child use scissors: 4 years
-When does a child tie his or her shoe: 5 Years
-Be aware that a girl's growth spurt during adolescence begins earlier than a boy's(as early as
10 years of age)
-Temper tantrums are common in toddler(They are considered normal or average behavior)
-Be aware that adolescence is a time when the child forms his or her identity and that rebellion
against family values is common for this age group.
Age group's concepts of bodily injury: --> - ANS-Infants: After 6 months, their cognitive
development allows them to remember pain.
-Toddlers: They fear intrusive procedures
-Preschoolers: They fear body mutilation
-School-age children: They fear loss of control of their bodies
-Adolescents: Their major concern is change in body image
