TEST BANK FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 6th Edition By Michael S. Gazzaniga | COMPLETE All Chapters ()

TEST BANK FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 6th Edition By Michael S. Gazzaniga | COMPLETE All Chapters () Which of the following is the best definition of psychological science? A. the study of the brain and its function B. the study of the mind, the brain, and thought processes C. the study of the mind, the brain, and behavior D. the study of the mind, the psyche, and behavior ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 What Is Psychological Science? OBJ: 1.1A NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 2. Psychological science is the study of: A. the mind. C. behavior. B. the brain. D. all of the above. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 What Is Psychological Science? OBJ: 1.1A NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 3. Trying to understand the relationship between the actions of neurons and a thought is an example of the connection between: A. the brain and the mind. C. genes and the mind. B. nature and nurture. D. the brain and emotion. ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 What Is Psychological Science? OBJ: 1.1A NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Applying 4. Based on your textbook‘s definition of psychology, which statement best reflects the relationship between the mind and the brain? A. The brain is the same thing as the mind. B. The brain influences the mind. C. The brain is unrelated to the mind. D. The brain reflects the mind. ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 What Is Psychological Science? OBJ: 1.1A NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Applying 5. Barry and Candace are disagreeing. Barry states that psychology is the study of the mind. Candace believes that psychology is the science of behavior. Given your knowledge of psychology, how would you resolve this argument? A. Barry is correct. Psychology only studies the mind. B. Candace is correct. Psychology only studies behavior. C. Both are correct. Psychology studies both the mind and behavior. D. Both are incorrect. Psychology only studies emotions. ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 What Is Psychological Science? OBJ: 1.1A NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Understanding 6. Allanah is a psychology major. Which of the following best describes what Allanah will learn about? A. the structure and function of the brain B. mental disorders and their treatments C. feelings and other subjective states D. the mind, the brain, and behavior ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 What Is Psychological Science? OBJ: 1.1A NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Understanding 7. For much of its history, psychologists focused mostly on: A. the brain. C. behaviors. B. disorders. D. the mind. ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 What Is Psychological Science? OBJ: 1.1A NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 8. Which of the following is an example of a psychologist who is studying the mind? A. Dr. Chu, who studies how weather influences children‘s actions on the playground B. Dr. Well, who studies neural activity during sleep cycles of elderly adults C. Dr. Mann, who studies the accuracy of traumatic memories over time D. Dr. East, who studies the facial expressions of relationship partners during a fight ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 What Is Psychological Science? OBJ: 1.1A NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional Development MSC: Applying 9. Which of the following is an example of a psychologist who is studying the brain? A. Dr. Fields, who studies the purchasing habits of impulsive individuals B. Dr. Joe, who studies how neural activity changes as newborn babies develop C. Dr. Perez, who studies how our feelings can influence our thought processes D. Dr. Ladd, who studies the training activities of professional athletes ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 What Is Psychological Science? OBJ: 1.1A NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional Development MSC: Applying 10. Which of the following is an example of a psychologist who is studying behavior? A. Dr. Wick, who studies how certain smells can trigger certain feelings B. Dr. Woods, who studies patterns of neural activity related to drug use C. Dr. Paul, who studies the thought processes involved in decision making D. Dr. Hull, who studies the facial expressions of relationship partners during a fight ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 What Is Psychological Science? OBJ: 1.1A NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 5, Professional Development MSC: Applying 11. According to your text, amiable skepticism is an important element in a type of reasoning called: A. scholarly inquiry. C. analytic argumentation. B. nay-sayerism. D. critical thinking. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Teaches Critical Thinking OBJ: 1.1B NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Remembering 12. Which of the following is a characteristic of a good consumer of scientific research? A. open to new ideas C. wary of scientific findings B. carefully considers the facts D. all of the above ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Teaches Critical Thinking OBJ: 1.1B NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Remembering 13. Critical thinking is best defined as thinking that: A. is systematic and reasonable. B. is open-minded and creative. C. criticizes others‘ opinions. D. uses inferences but does not solve problems. ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Teaches Critical Thinking OBJ: 1.1B NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Remembering EMAIL ME: EMAIL ME: 14. Which of the following is an example of using critical thinking and scientific reasoning? A. believing that sugar causes ADHD because you feel hyper after eating a candy bar B. concluding that listening to Mozart improves learning in children after reading an article about this topic in a popular magazine C. using a personal example to show how a psychological principle must be wrong D. conducting research to investigate the effectiveness of left brain/right brain games in improving memory ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Teaches Critical Thinking OBJ: 1.1B NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying 15. Why is critical thinking important in evaluating psychological research? A. Researchers deliberately lie about their research findings. B. There might be significant limitations to the research findings. C. Research findings are rarely influenced by political and personal agendas. D. There is always a single clear explanation and the researchers may not have found it. ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Teaches Critical Thinking OBJ: 1.1B NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying 16. Which of the following is an important goal of your psychology textbook? A. to teach you how to be a therapist by using methods of psychology B. to provide you with an education about the methods of psychological science C. to help you define normal versus abEMAIL ME: EMAIL ME: normal behavior so you can recognize mental illness D. to help you predict how people will interact in novel situations ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Teaches Critical Thinking OBJ: 1.1B NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology MSC: Remembering 17. The difference between using critical thinking explanations and everyday explanations for psychological phenomena is that: A. critical thinking relies on evidence and scientific support for making conclusions. B. everyday explanations rely on evidence and scientific support for making conclusions. C. critical thinking relies on personal examples more than scientific evidence for making conclusions. D. everyday explanations rely on personal examples and scientific evidence for making conclusions. ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 Psychological Science Teaches Critical Thinking OBJ: 1.1B NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Remembering 18. Taj is writing a paper on global warming. He only includes research findings that support his own beliefs about global warming because he thinks that all the contradictory findings must be the result of flawed research. This is an example of: A. misunderstanding or not using statistics. B. hindsight bias. C. a failure to accurately judge source credibility. D. the confirmation bias. ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically Think OBJ: 1.1C NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying EMAIL ME: EMAIL ME: 19. You are asked to write a newspaper article on a controversial political topic and you want to make sure you are not influenced by the confirmation bias. Which of the following should you do in order to avoid the confirmation bias? A. focus mainly on evidence that you find on your favorite news website B. place equal importance on evidence that supports and contradicts your own beliefs C. focus mainly on evidence that supports your own beliefs, since it is the most accurate research D. place equal importance on evidence you find online and in textbooks ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically Think OBJ: 1.1C NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying 20. Which of the following is one factor that contributes to the confirmation bias? A. selective emotionality, which is the tendency to better remember information that is negative B. selective emotionality, which is the tendency to better remember information that is positive C. selective memory, which is the tendency to better remember information that supports our existing beliefs D. selective memory, which is the tendency to better remember information that goes against our existing beliefs ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically Think OBJ: 1.1C NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Understanding 21. A drug company wants to create an advertisement for a new antidepressant drug. Using your knowledge of source credibility, which of the following advertisements would be most persuasive? A. an ad that features a celebrity on EMAIL ME: the set of his or her new pirate movie B. an ad that features an actor portraying a doctor C. an ad that features the CEO of the drug company D. an ad that features a famous person who has struggled with depression ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically Think OBJ: 1.1C NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying 22. A drug company is creating a commercial for a new heart medication. Since the evidence for this drug is weak, they focus on the expertise of the drug company instead of the research findings. This strategy is known as: A. taking mental shortcuts. C. appeals to authority. B. the hindsight bias. D. the confirmation bias. ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically Think OBJ: 1.1C NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Understanding 23. Which of the following is NOT a reason why errors and biases occur in our thinking processes? A. People are motivated to use their intelligence. B. People want to make sense of events that happen around them. C. The human brain is highly efficient at finding patterns between things. D. The human brain is highly efficient at processing multiple streams of information. ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically Think OBJ: 1.1C NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Remembering EMAIL ME: 24. Which of the following is NOT one of the major biases in thinking described in your text? A. misunderstanding or not using statistics B. seeing relationships that do not exist C. failing to accurately judge source credibility D. ignoring other people‘s perspectives ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically Think OBJ: 1.1C NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Remembering 25. Which of the following is an example of the ―seeing relationships that do not exist bias in thinking described in your text? ‖ A. Abby thinks she is an above-average dancer, an above-average singer, and an above-average student, even though everyone else thinks she is just average. B. Tony underestimates the likelihood of bicycle accidents because he cannot easily recall one that happened recently. C. Tim thinks that he must eat pizza right before class if he wants to do well on his exam. D. Ziva believes that she is more likely to make her next shot, because she has made the last three in a row. ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically Think OBJ: 1.1C NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying 26. Which of the following is an example of the ―misunderstanding or not using statistics bias in thinking described in your text? ‖ A. Matt thinks he did well in psychology because he is intelligent, but failed chemistry because his EMAIL ME: teacher was incompetent. B. Meredith overestimates the likelihood of airplane accidents because she can easily recall one that happened recently. C. Michael thinks that he must wear his lucky gym shorts in order to win the game. D. John believes that a coin that has landed on heads three times in a row is more likely to be heads the next time it is flipped. ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically Think OBJ: 1.1C NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying 27. Which of the following is an example of the ―taking mental shortcuts bias in ‖ thinking described in your text? A. Jack thinks he got an A on his essay because he is a great writer, but got a D on his communications project because the instructions were too confusing. B. Rose overestimates how often cruise ships sink because she can vividly remember the sinking of the Titanic. C. Wade believes that he will be funnier on stage if he eats fried chicken before he goes on stage to perform. D. Michael thinks that he must wear his lucky gym shorts in order to win the game. ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically Think OBJ: 1.1C NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying 28. Which of the following is a correct explanation for why the hindsight bias exists? A. Once we know the outcome, we preEMAIL ME: tend we knew it was going to happen to make ourselves feel better. B. Once we know the outcome, we reinterpret old evidence to make sense of that outcome. C. Before we know the outcome, we ignore evidence that contradicts what we believe. D. Before we know the outcome, we have too much evidence to consider to make an accurate prediction. ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically Think OBJ: 1.1C NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Understanding 29. On his way to the basketball game, Tom says he cannot predict who will win. After his team wins the game, Tom says he knew they were going to win because their defense always plays well together. This is an example of: A. taking mental shortcuts. C. the self-serving bias. B. the hindsight bias. D. the confirmation bias. ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: 1.1 Psychological Reasoning Examines How People Typically Think OBJ: 1.1C NAT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking MSC: Applying