CMMB 421 Final Exam Actual Questions and Answers with complete solution

CMMB 421 Final Exam Actual Questions and Answers with complete solution How many coronaviruses infect humans? - answerSeven. How many genera are there based on genome homologies among coronaviruses? - answerThree Can you name the two subfamilies of coronaviruses based on genome homologies? - answerAlpha-CoV and Beta-CoV. What are the names of the three coronaviruses responsible for severe respiratory illnesses? - answerSARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV. Besides respiratory illnesses in humans, what are some important veterinary diseases caused by coronaviruses? - answerFeline infectious peritonitis, infectious bronchitis in animals, and murine hepatitis. How was SARS-CoV transmitted? - answerThrough direct contact and aerosol droplets. How does SARS-CoV-2 differ from SARS-CoV in terms of the known animal reservoir? - answerSARS-CoV has a known animal reservoir (civet cats), while the animal reservoir for SARS-CoV-2 is unclear. What distinguishes the pattern of human-human transmission between SARS-CoV and SARS- CoV-2? - answerSARS-CoV's human-human transmission was largely limited to hospitals, whereas SARS-CoV-2 exhibits widespread transmission in communities. How does the timing of transmission after symptoms differ between SARS-CoV and SARS- CoV-2? - answerSARS-CoV showed no transmission until approximately 24 hours after symptoms, whereas SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted by individuals with asymptomatic or mild symptoms. What is a common feature between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 regarding the receptor they use? - answerBoth viruses use ACE2 as a receptor. What is the level of homology at the amino acid sequence between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV- 2? - answer> 90% homology at the amino acid sequence level. What type of virions do coronaviruses have? - answerEnveloped virions containing helical nucleocapsids. How are nucleocapsids in coronaviruses formed? - answerNucleocapsids are formed from N protein bound to viral RNA in a helical fashion How can the appearance of coronavirus virions be described? - answerSpherical enveloped particles studded with clubbed spikes. What is the primary function of the Spike protein (S) in coronaviruses? - answerThe Spike protein is involved in entry, spread, and host range. Which envelope protein may play a role in binding, entry, and release, but is not present in SARS-CoV-2? - answerHemagglutinin-esterase protein (