AP Psychology Motivation & Emotion Terminology

AP Psychology Motivation & Emotion Terminology Motive inner directing force; specific need or desire; arouses individual and directs behavior; ex. Hunger, thirst, achievement; can be environmental cues Emotion experience of feelings that underlies behavior; activates and effects behaviors but difficult to predict behavior; ex. Fear, joy, surprise Instinct specific, inborn behavior patterns characteristic of an entire species; thought to account for human behavior until 1920s when it was learned that 1) behavior is learned, 2) behavior is rarely rigid and inflexible, 3) behavior to instinct means nothing; ex. Salmon swim upstream to spawn, spiders spin webs Drive state of arousal/tension that motivates behaviors; ex. Hunger, thirst Drive-Reduction Theory theory that motivated behavior is an attempt to reduce a state of tension/arousal in the body and return the body to a state of balance Homeostasis balance; stability; part of the drive-reduction theory; when individual functions effectively because drives are met Incentive external stimulus that motivates behavior; do not need to be aware of it to happen; does not have to be primary or an active, cognitive secondary drive; ex. Bakery, impulse buys, advertisements, Krispy Kreme Intrinsic Motivation internal motivation; completing the activity because it please you; ex. Singing, reading, crosswords, etc.; some people turn these things into extrinsic motivations like jobs but this is rare Extrinsic Motivation external motivation; completion of activity because of the consequence: reward or to avoid punishment; ex. Job, chores, school assignment, etc. Primary Drive unlearned; found in all animals and humans; motivates behavior that is vital to the survival of the individual/species; hunger, thirst, sex, sleep, BR needs