Geriatrics question n answers graded A+

Geriatrics Age-related changes in the gastrointestinal system include: - correct answer - Dental problems - Decrease in saliva and sense of taste, leading to poor nutrition - Poor muscle tone of the smooth muscle sphincter between the esophagus and stomach that can cause regurgitation and lead to heartburn and acid reflux - A decrease in hydrochloric acid in the stomach - Alterations in absorption of nutrients - Slowing peristalsis, which can cause constipation -Weakening rectal sphincter, resulting in fecal incontinence, or lack of bowel control The liver, which is responsible for removing toxins and breaking down drugs in the body, shrinks with age. - correct answer - Blood flow to the liver declines, and there is decreased metabolism. - This has a direct effect on how medications may affect the patient. Serious gastrointestinal issues that affect older people include: - correct answer - Gastrointestinal bleeding caused by disease processes (Usually heralded by hematemesis) - Inflammation, infection, and obstruction of the upper and lower intestinal tract - Bleeding that travels through the lower digestive tract usually manifests as melena, whereas red blood usually means a local source of bleeding, such as hemorrhoids. Specific gastrointestinal problems that are more common in older patients include: - correct answer - Diverticulosis - Diverticulitis - Bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal system - Bleeding in the lower gastrointestinal system - Peptic ulcer disease - Gallbladder disease - Bowel obstruction