NYSTCE: Educating All Students (EAS) Exam
Behaviorism - Answer- people's actions are driven by a need to gain rewards or avoid punishments.
Reinforcement - Answer- meant to increase a good behavior; a reward
Punishment - Answer- meant to decrease bad behavior
Positive reinforcement - Answer- involves giving someone something that he or she wants
Negative reinforcement - Answer- taking away something that someone does not want
Positive punishment - Answer- involves giving someone something that he or she does not want
Negative punishment - Answer- involves taking away something that someone does want
Extinction - Answer- decreases the chances of a response to something by withdrawing reinforcement of the behavior; like a reset button
Constructivism - Answer- a philosophy of education that says that people construct knowledge through their experiences and interactions with the world
Social learning - Answer- learning through interactions with other people
Vyogtsky's Zone of Proximal Development - Answer- people learn best from other people who are just a little ahead of them
Project-based learning (PBL) - Answer- focuses on giving an open-ended question and complex problem to a group of students and having them figure out the best solution to the problem
4 Steps to PBL - Answer- 1. Learners are presented with a problem; 2. group develop theories to explain the problem; 3. Learners work independently to come up with solutions; 4. Regroup to compare solutions and develop a plan. Critical Theory - Answer- a philosophy that involves being critical of the prevailing view of society
Critical theory in education - Answer- is about questioning how our educational system can best offer education to all people
Problems with access to technology - Answer- poorer schools can have a harder time getting technology in the hands of their students; poor students have lower technological fluency than middle- and upper-class students.
Humanism - Answer- a branch of psychology related to the theories Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers, has at its core the idea that people want to grow and fulfill their ultimate potential.
Self-Directed Learning - Answer- involves students learning what they want and need to
learn, not what the teacher arbitrarily decides is important.
Extrinsic motivators - Answer- things outside of a person that motivate them to do something.
Self-evaluation - Answer- thoughtful assessment of one's own work
lifelong learners - Answer- people who continue to learn even after they leave school
Learning - Answer- involves storing and accessing information in memory
information processing theory of learning - Answer- information from the world around us moves from sensory storage to working memory to long-term memory
working memory - Answer- storage of memories that occurred only a few seconds in the
past
long-term memory - Answer- memories that are stored for a person to access later
cognitive load - Answer- having too much information in working memory and not being able to remember anything
chunking - Answer- grouping information together to help remember it
Automaticity - Answer- process of making a task automatic
Pragmatism - Answer- an educational philosophy that says that education should be about life and growth; teachers should be teaching students things that are practical for life and encourage them to grow into better people
Behaviorism - Answer- people's actions are driven by a need to gain rewards or avoid punishments.
Reinforcement - Answer- meant to increase a good behavior; a reward
Punishment - Answer- meant to decrease bad behavior
Positive reinforcement - Answer- involves giving someone something that he or she wants
Negative reinforcement - Answer- taking away something that someone does not want
Positive punishment - Answer- involves giving someone something that he or she does not want
Negative punishment - Answer- involves taking away something that someone does want
Extinction - Answer- decreases the chances of a response to something by withdrawing reinforcement of the behavior; like a reset button
Constructivism - Answer- a philosophy of education that says that people construct knowledge through their experiences and interactions with the world
Social learning - Answer- learning through interactions with other people
Vyogtsky's Zone of Proximal Development - Answer- people learn best from other people who are just a little ahead of them
Project-based learning (PBL) - Answer- focuses on giving an open-ended question and complex problem to a group of students and having them figure out the best solution to the problem
4 Steps to PBL - Answer- 1. Learners are presented with a problem; 2. group develop theories to explain the problem; 3. Learners work independently to come up with solutions; 4. Regroup to compare solutions and develop a plan. Critical Theory - Answer- a philosophy that involves being critical of the prevailing view of society
Critical theory in education - Answer- is about questioning how our educational system can best offer education to all people
Problems with access to technology - Answer- poorer schools can have a harder time getting technology in the hands of their students; poor students have lower technological fluency than middle- and upper-class students.
Humanism - Answer- a branch of psychology related to the theories Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers, has at its core the idea that people want to grow and fulfill their ultimate potential.
Self-Directed Learning - Answer- involves students learning what they want and need to
learn, not what the teacher arbitrarily decides is important.
Extrinsic motivators - Answer- things outside of a person that motivate them to do something.
Self-evaluation - Answer- thoughtful assessment of one's own work
lifelong learners - Answer- people who continue to learn even after they leave school
Learning - Answer- involves storing and accessing information in memory
information processing theory of learning - Answer- information from the world around us moves from sensory storage to working memory to long-term memory
working memory - Answer- storage of memories that occurred only a few seconds in the
past
long-term memory - Answer- memories that are stored for a person to access later
cognitive load - Answer- having too much information in working memory and not being able to remember anything
chunking - Answer- grouping information together to help remember it
Automaticity - Answer- process of making a task automatic
Pragmatism - Answer- an educational philosophy that says that education should be about life and growth; teachers should be teaching students things that are practical for life and encourage them to grow into better people
