Architectuur
& wonen:
wooncultuur
Samenvatting
Nele Van der Spiegel
,ARCHITECTUUR & WONEN:
WOONCULTUUR
Inhoudsopgave
Les 1: interdisciplinariteit wonen
Introductie: Wat is wonen? _______________________________________________________ 5
Wat is wonen? _________________________________________________________________ 5
Wonen als interdisciplinair gegeven ________________________________________________________ 5
Antropologie en wonen __________________________________________________________ 5
Het huis en het wonen als belangrijk thema in de antropologie __________________________________ 6
Wonen vanuit de Sociologie _______________________________________________________ 8
Ontstaan van de woonsociologie ___________________________________________________________ 8
Leefstijlenonderzoek & smaken ____________________________________________________________ 8
Wonen vanuit de genderstudies ___________________________________________________ 9
Gender en architectuur __________________________________________________________________ 9
Het wonen binnen de architectuur _________________________________________________ 9
Les 2. Woninganalyse
Context ______________________________________________________________________ 10
Relatie omgeving ______________________________________________________________ 10
Plaats binnen architectuurgeschiedenis ____________________________________________ 10
Concept ______________________________________________________________________ 10
Beeldend concept ______________________________________________________________________ 10
Verhalend concept _____________________________________________________________________ 11
Schematisch concept ___________________________________________________________________ 11
Organigram (organisatie van functies) _____________________________________________ 11
Publiek, privaat en semi-private ruimten ___________________________________________ 11
Volumewerking/ruimte-opbouw __________________________________________________ 11
Lichtinval _____________________________________________________________________ 11
Circulatie _____________________________________________________________________ 12
Constructie/bouwfysica, relatie met architectuur ____________________________________ 12
Les 3. De alleenstaande woning
Woonvormen _________________________________________________________________ 13
Impliciet woonbeleid ___________________________________________________________ 13
Fermette _____________________________________________________________________ 14
1
, Boerderette ___________________________________________________________________________ 14
Gebrek aan authenticiteit ________________________________________________________________ 15
Synthese _____________________________________________________________________ 15
Les 4. De Rijwoning
Woontypologieën in België ______________________________________________________ 16
Enkele typologieën van de Vlaamse rijwoning _______________________________________________ 16
Historische excursie ____________________________________________________________________ 16
Het ontwerpen van een rijwoning _________________________________________________ 20
Aandachtspunten ______________________________________________________________________ 20
Misplaatst woningtype __________________________________________________________________ 20
Les 5. Hoogbouw
Start hoogbouw _______________________________________________________________ 21
Interbellum hoogbouw __________________________________________________________ 21
Minimum Existenz woning _______________________________________________________ 21
In USSR ______________________________________________________________________ 21
Habitation ____________________________________________________________________ 22
Hoogbouw in Antwerpen ________________________________________________________ 22
Meer recente hoogbouw ________________________________________________________ 24
Revitalisering van hoogbouw _____________________________________________________ 24
Les 6. Alternatief wonen
Wonen in meervoud ____________________________________________________________ 24
Typologie _____________________________________________________________________________ 25
Historisch ____________________________________________________________________________ 25
Sociale Woningbouw ___________________________________________________________ 28
Hybriden _____________________________________________________________________ 29
Les 7. Stijlen
Neostijlen, 19de Eeuw ___________________________________________________________ 29
Arts and Crafts ________________________________________________________________________ 29
Art Nouveau __________________________________________________________________________ 30
Ard Deco _____________________________________________________________________________ 30
Modernisme __________________________________________________________________________ 32
Laat-modernisme ______________________________________________________________________ 34
Brutalisme ____________________________________________________________________________ 35
High tech _____________________________________________________________________________ 36
Postmodernisme _______________________________________________________________________ 36
Nieuwe eenvoud _______________________________________________________________________ 37
Hedendaagse architectuur – kritisch regionalisme ____________________________________________ 38
Les 8. De motor van het huis: De keuken ________________________________________ 38
2
, Verzuiling ____________________________________________________________________ 38
Typologische evolutie van de keuken ______________________________________________ 39
Synthese _____________________________________________________________________________ 40
Werkkeuken, eetkeuken of woonkeuken? __________________________________________ 40
Woonkeuken rationeler dan werkkeuken? __________________________________________ 41
De keuken verloor haar monopolie ________________________________________________ 41
De keuken als inzet van ideologie _________________________________________________ 41
Les 9. Frontstage ___________________________________________________________ 42
De Woonkamer ________________________________________________________________ 42
Eethoek ______________________________________________________________________________ 42
Zithoek ______________________________________________________________________________ 43
Les 10. Backstage van het huis ________________________________________________ 44
De natte cellen ________________________________________________________________ 44
Evolutie ______________________________________________________________________________ 44
Proper & rein lichaam als voorwaarden voor een gezonde geest ________________________ 45
Propere kledij hoort bij een zuiver lichaam __________________________________________ 46
De slaapkamer ________________________________________________________________ 47
Functies van de slaapkamer ______________________________________________________________ 47
Ouderenslaapkamer ____________________________________________________________________ 47
Kinderslaapkamer ______________________________________________________________________ 48
Eenheid ______________________________________________________________________________ 48
Les 11. De auto huisvesten ___________________________________________________ 48
De auto-maatschappij __________________________________________________________ 48
Reden van de opmars naar voor? _________________________________________________ 50
Conclusie (hoofdstuk 7) _________________________________________________________ 52
Wooncultuur vandaag? _________________________________________________________ 53
Enkele begrippen __________________________________________________________ 53
Les 1_________________________________________________________________________ 53
Les 3_________________________________________________________________________ 53
Les 4_________________________________________________________________________ 53
Les 7_________________________________________________________________________ 53
Mogelijke examenvragen ____________________________________________________ 54
Les 1_________________________________________________________________________ 54
Les 2_________________________________________________________________________ 54
Les 3_________________________________________________________________________ 54
3
& wonen:
wooncultuur
Samenvatting
Nele Van der Spiegel
,ARCHITECTUUR & WONEN:
WOONCULTUUR
Inhoudsopgave
Les 1: interdisciplinariteit wonen
Introductie: Wat is wonen? _______________________________________________________ 5
Wat is wonen? _________________________________________________________________ 5
Wonen als interdisciplinair gegeven ________________________________________________________ 5
Antropologie en wonen __________________________________________________________ 5
Het huis en het wonen als belangrijk thema in de antropologie __________________________________ 6
Wonen vanuit de Sociologie _______________________________________________________ 8
Ontstaan van de woonsociologie ___________________________________________________________ 8
Leefstijlenonderzoek & smaken ____________________________________________________________ 8
Wonen vanuit de genderstudies ___________________________________________________ 9
Gender en architectuur __________________________________________________________________ 9
Het wonen binnen de architectuur _________________________________________________ 9
Les 2. Woninganalyse
Context ______________________________________________________________________ 10
Relatie omgeving ______________________________________________________________ 10
Plaats binnen architectuurgeschiedenis ____________________________________________ 10
Concept ______________________________________________________________________ 10
Beeldend concept ______________________________________________________________________ 10
Verhalend concept _____________________________________________________________________ 11
Schematisch concept ___________________________________________________________________ 11
Organigram (organisatie van functies) _____________________________________________ 11
Publiek, privaat en semi-private ruimten ___________________________________________ 11
Volumewerking/ruimte-opbouw __________________________________________________ 11
Lichtinval _____________________________________________________________________ 11
Circulatie _____________________________________________________________________ 12
Constructie/bouwfysica, relatie met architectuur ____________________________________ 12
Les 3. De alleenstaande woning
Woonvormen _________________________________________________________________ 13
Impliciet woonbeleid ___________________________________________________________ 13
Fermette _____________________________________________________________________ 14
1
, Boerderette ___________________________________________________________________________ 14
Gebrek aan authenticiteit ________________________________________________________________ 15
Synthese _____________________________________________________________________ 15
Les 4. De Rijwoning
Woontypologieën in België ______________________________________________________ 16
Enkele typologieën van de Vlaamse rijwoning _______________________________________________ 16
Historische excursie ____________________________________________________________________ 16
Het ontwerpen van een rijwoning _________________________________________________ 20
Aandachtspunten ______________________________________________________________________ 20
Misplaatst woningtype __________________________________________________________________ 20
Les 5. Hoogbouw
Start hoogbouw _______________________________________________________________ 21
Interbellum hoogbouw __________________________________________________________ 21
Minimum Existenz woning _______________________________________________________ 21
In USSR ______________________________________________________________________ 21
Habitation ____________________________________________________________________ 22
Hoogbouw in Antwerpen ________________________________________________________ 22
Meer recente hoogbouw ________________________________________________________ 24
Revitalisering van hoogbouw _____________________________________________________ 24
Les 6. Alternatief wonen
Wonen in meervoud ____________________________________________________________ 24
Typologie _____________________________________________________________________________ 25
Historisch ____________________________________________________________________________ 25
Sociale Woningbouw ___________________________________________________________ 28
Hybriden _____________________________________________________________________ 29
Les 7. Stijlen
Neostijlen, 19de Eeuw ___________________________________________________________ 29
Arts and Crafts ________________________________________________________________________ 29
Art Nouveau __________________________________________________________________________ 30
Ard Deco _____________________________________________________________________________ 30
Modernisme __________________________________________________________________________ 32
Laat-modernisme ______________________________________________________________________ 34
Brutalisme ____________________________________________________________________________ 35
High tech _____________________________________________________________________________ 36
Postmodernisme _______________________________________________________________________ 36
Nieuwe eenvoud _______________________________________________________________________ 37
Hedendaagse architectuur – kritisch regionalisme ____________________________________________ 38
Les 8. De motor van het huis: De keuken ________________________________________ 38
2
, Verzuiling ____________________________________________________________________ 38
Typologische evolutie van de keuken ______________________________________________ 39
Synthese _____________________________________________________________________________ 40
Werkkeuken, eetkeuken of woonkeuken? __________________________________________ 40
Woonkeuken rationeler dan werkkeuken? __________________________________________ 41
De keuken verloor haar monopolie ________________________________________________ 41
De keuken als inzet van ideologie _________________________________________________ 41
Les 9. Frontstage ___________________________________________________________ 42
De Woonkamer ________________________________________________________________ 42
Eethoek ______________________________________________________________________________ 42
Zithoek ______________________________________________________________________________ 43
Les 10. Backstage van het huis ________________________________________________ 44
De natte cellen ________________________________________________________________ 44
Evolutie ______________________________________________________________________________ 44
Proper & rein lichaam als voorwaarden voor een gezonde geest ________________________ 45
Propere kledij hoort bij een zuiver lichaam __________________________________________ 46
De slaapkamer ________________________________________________________________ 47
Functies van de slaapkamer ______________________________________________________________ 47
Ouderenslaapkamer ____________________________________________________________________ 47
Kinderslaapkamer ______________________________________________________________________ 48
Eenheid ______________________________________________________________________________ 48
Les 11. De auto huisvesten ___________________________________________________ 48
De auto-maatschappij __________________________________________________________ 48
Reden van de opmars naar voor? _________________________________________________ 50
Conclusie (hoofdstuk 7) _________________________________________________________ 52
Wooncultuur vandaag? _________________________________________________________ 53
Enkele begrippen __________________________________________________________ 53
Les 1_________________________________________________________________________ 53
Les 3_________________________________________________________________________ 53
Les 4_________________________________________________________________________ 53
Les 7_________________________________________________________________________ 53
Mogelijke examenvragen ____________________________________________________ 54
Les 1_________________________________________________________________________ 54
Les 2_________________________________________________________________________ 54
Les 3_________________________________________________________________________ 54
3
